Submarines: Hindrance to great speed, 285; early experiments, 288-90; diving boat of leather, 289; friars as inventors, 290; Abbé Borelli’s experiments, 290; Bushnell’s American turtle, 291; Fulton’s _Nautilus_, 291; catamarans with floating mines, 291; Fulton’s _Mute_, 292; fatal experiments, 293; Philipp’s cigar-shaped, 293; first iron, 293; Bauer’s submarines, 293; he visits England and America, 293-4; _Sea Devil_ sunk, 294; _Davids_ show possibility of torpedo boats, 295; Garrett’s _Resurgam_, 295; Holland’s boats, 295-6; adoption by Admiralty, 296; Classes A to D: dimensions and engines, 297-8; Japan’s submarines, 298; steamer sunk to receive them, 298; steam-engine “bottled-up,” 299; Nordenfeldts, 299; first to carry Whitehead torpedo, 299; Turks and Nordenfeldt, 299; French experiments with submarines, 300; periscope, 300, 302; British submarines’ voyage: England to Hong Kong, 301; engines for, 301; “Lake” submarines, 301; submarine motor tour, 301; submersibles, 302 Tahitian Pahi, 30 Tatnall, Commodore J., 132, 134 Tatnall, Midshipman Joseph: examination, 221 Targets (_see_ Armour, Artillery) Tegethoff, Admiral, 154 Thames Ironworks, 118, 194 Thorneycroft’s, 302, 306, 309 Ting, Chinese Admiral, 234-5 Togo, Admiral, 237 Torpedoes: Spar, 285, 286; torpedo possibilities compel recognition, 286; American Civil War, 286; Whitehead torpedo, 286; range and speed of modern torpedoes, 287; torpedo explosives, 288; steering by “wireless,” 288; cellular double bottoms as protection against, 152; employment at Mobile, 139; French experiments, 151 Torpedo boats: Destruction of _Albemarle_, 134; British and French experiments, 151; in Russo-Turkish War, 214; first British, 302; parent ships, 303; guns to repel attack by, 303-4; internal combustion engines, 304 Torpedo gunboats, 305 Torpedo nets, 303 Torpedo tubes, 177, 249 Trials of H.M.S. _Devastation_ (1873), 167 Triple canoes, 29 Tryon, Admiral Sir George, 245 “Tumble-home,” 42 Turret gunboats, 193 Turret rams, 177 Turrets: Double-turreted ocean-going full-rigged ship, 159; Captain Coles’s system, 146; revolving, 146; disposition of, 146-60; _v._ broadside system, 151; double-turreted monitor, 151; _Monarch_ and _Captain_, 161; _en echelon_, 244; oval, 277; pear-shaped, 174; Popoff’s, 180; leaky American, 131; Russian ships, 179; turrets on spindles, 131, 163; Captain Coles’s revolving rollers, 163; superposed turrets, 225; American twin turret, 225 Twentieth century ships, 285 Twin-screw steamer (1805), 81 Twin screws (_see_ Propellers) Two-deckers, etc. (_see_ Ratings) Ulysses’ ships, 1 Unarmoured ends (_see_ Armour, Concentration of)