Water Reptiles of the Past and PresentWilliston, Samuel Wendell
Science
Water Reptiles of the Past and Present
Williston, Samuel Wendell
Aquatic reptiles; Aquatic reptiles, Fossil
Most living lizards are inhabitants of warm climates, though some
extend rather far north in the temperate zone. With the exception of
New Zealand, and the polar and subpolar regions, lizards are found
in all parts of the world. The great majority live only in high and
dry places, though some are denizens of low and marshy places, a few
even not being averse to the water. They are, for the most part, spry
in their movements, some little ones scarcely six inches in length
taxing a vigorous man’s speed to capture; and many are expert climbers
of cliffs, trees, and even the ceilings of residences. Some, the
remarkable little flying dragons of Ceylon, have an extraordinary
development of the skin on the sides of the body, supported by the
expanded ribs, forming a sort of parachute whereby the creatures
can sail considerable distances through the air. Nearly all are
carnivorous, feeding upon small mammals, birds, other reptiles, frogs,
and insects; a few only are herbivorous, such as the iguanas, which are
often used for human food. Nearly all lizards are oviparous, laying
from two to thirty eggs. In size the great majority are small, less
than a foot in length; but some, such as the monitors and iguanas,
reach a length of from four to six feet, or even more, and certain
extinct monitors of India are known to have attained a length of thirty
feet. They are, for the most part, slender, graceful, prettily marked,
and quite inoffensive creatures. A few are short, flat, or stumpy in
shape, such as the so-called horned toad. One or two species only, the
“Gila monsters,” are reputed to be venomous.
[Illustration: FIG. 66.—_Amblyrhynchus cristatus_, the Galapagos
sea-lizard. (From Brehm)]
There is but a single species of lizard now living which is in any true
sense aquatic in habit, the well-known sea-lizard of the Galapagos
Islands, scientifically known as _Amblyrhynchus cristatus_. It is a
large lizard, with a short rounded head, a flat tail, and webbed feet.
Its specific name is derived from the erect fringed crest along its
back and tail. Its habits are best given in Darwin’s words:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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