Water Reptiles of the Past and PresentWilliston, Samuel Wendell
Science
Water Reptiles of the Past and Present
Williston, Samuel Wendell
Aquatic reptiles; Aquatic reptiles, Fossil
A few years after the discovery of the plesiosaurs by Conybeare, the
remains of animals of allied kinds were found in the Triassic rocks of
Bavaria. At first they were supposed to be those of true plesiosaurs,
and even the astute Cuvier was not very clear about them. Cuvier was
the first to call attention to them, expressing the opinion that
some of the fossils were of previously unknown animals allied to the
crocodiles, lizards, and plesiosaurs. It was von Meyer, however, who
first introduced a nothosaur to the scientific world under the name
_Conchiosaurus_. A year later Count George of Münster described other
forms under the name _Nothosaurus_, meaning “false lizard.” Count von
Münster was a most zealous collector of the fossils of the Triassic
deposits of Bavaria, amassing, after thirty years of active and
enthusiastic labor, a very large amount of material, which, at his
death, was purchased by the King of Bavaria and placed in the hands of
von Meyer for study. Von Meyer was to Germany what Owen was to England,
a man of deep learning, having an extensive knowledge of comparative
anatomy, and being thorough and critical in his work. His descriptions
and illustrations of these rich collections made by von Münster are
masterpieces of scientific thoroughness. He recognized in _Nothosaurus_
and other allied forms from the Bavarian Triassic a distinct group of
semiaquatic reptiles allied to the plesiosaurs, and his conclusions
have never been gainsaid. In more recent years additional remains
of these animals from Bavaria and other places in Europe have been
described, but none are known from other parts of the earth, or from
other than Triassic rocks. Altogether about ten genera and about twice
as many species have been described, probably all belonging in one
family, and all by common consent now classified with the Sauropterygia.
[Illustration: FIG. 45.—Head and neck of _Nothosaurus_; photograph of
specimen in the Senckenberg Museum, from Dr. Dreverman.]
[Illustration: FIG. 46.—Pectoral girdle of _Nothosaurus_, from
photograph by E. Fraas: _icl_, interclavicle; _cl_, clavicle; _sc_,
scapula; _cor_, coracoid.]
[Illustration: FIG. 47.—Pelvic bones of _Nothosaurus_: _il_, ilium;
_ac_, acetabulum; _p_, pubis; _is_, ischium. (After Andrews.)]
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