we were forced to boat the coach again.” For years afterwards we read that the way from Oxford to Gloucester was so bad that it took 14 hours to accomplish the distance, though it was not more than 33 miles, while there was a “very bad and shaking way” from Monmouth to Hereford; and at an earlier stage of the circuit the Judge chronicles his safe arrival at High Wycombe from London with the pious but significant ejaculation, “Thanks be to God!” Sometimes the Judges, apparently, hired a coach between them, but Mr. Justice Rokeby had a little difference with his brother Judge, Mr. Justice Eyre, on his second circuit, concerning the division of expenses, and this probably led to his making independent carriage arrangements subsequently. On this occasion Mr. Justice Rokeby was called back to town at an early point of the circuit, and Mr. Justice Eyre declined to take on the coach, but finished the circuit on horseback, and it was his demand to be paid a share of the expenses of his saddle-horse which led to the difference of opinion. [11] The difference between macadamised and ordinary roads, in the cost of conveyance, not to speak of comfort, is extraordinary. Nicholas Wood estimated that the transport of coal by the old pack horse was reduced from about 2_s._ 6_d._ to 8_d._ per ton on a good road of this description. [12] According to the tables in Adam Smith’s ‘Wealth of Nations’ (Book i. chap. xi.) the average price of wheat between 1637 and 1700 was 2_l._ 11_s._ 0⅓_d._ per quarter; from 1700 till 1764 it was 2_l._ 0_s._ 6-9/32_d._ per quarter. [13] Even so late as 1794, Hepburn, in his ‘General view of the Agriculture and Economy of East Lothian,’ stated that, not long before, not a single bullock was slaughtered in the butcher market at Haddington except at a special time. [14] The writer has shown, in articles published in the _Times_ on January 5th, 1887, and again on January 2nd, 1888, what are the extent and the distinguishing features of this supremacy. [15] The average cost per mile of the railways in England and Wales is about 50,000_l._, as against 12,700_l._ in the United States, 21,000_l._ in Germany, 25,300_l._ in Belgium, 27,500_l._ in France, and 20,000_l._ in Holland. [16] See a paper read before the British Association at Birmingham, 1887. [17] Report of House of Lords Committee on Conservancy Boards, 1877. [18] Report of Select Committee on Canals, 1883. [19] Herodotus, lib. ii. c. lxlix. [20] Diodorus Siculus, lib. i. c. iv. [21] Strabo, lib. xvii. [22] Diodorus Siculus, lib. i. c. i. [23] Cresy’s ‘Encyclopædia of Civil Engineering,’ c. iv. [24] The railway starts from Callao at a height of 448 ft. above sea level, and at 104½ miles distance it passes through the summit tunnel at a height of 15,645 ft. above that level. [25] ‘Practical Treatise on Railroads,’ third edition, p. 684. [26] Observations on a late publication ‘The Present State of the Nation,’ Bohn’s series, vol. i. p. 198.