When the “Brothers’ War” was over and while the former owner of the slaves was prostrate, those who had fought that the black man might be free, clothed him in the garments of citizenship, giving him the ballot, giving him office, giving him power, at the same time that tens of thousands of white men were outlawed. “Show to the world that you are capable of government,” said the white philanthropist to the blacks; and the result was a hideous carnival of mismanagement, incompetency and gross rascality which at last made even the professional white philanthropist sick and ashamed. Taking out of the hands of the blacks the political power which he had shown himself unfit to wield, the whites have ever since occupied toward him the attitude of a guardian over a ward, manifesting for him a helpful sympathy, aiding his advancement with substantial contributions, leading him upward and onward by precept, example and wholesome control. Schools were established for him. Churches were built for him. White men and white women devoted their lives to lifting the black man, the black woman, the black child into the nobler, purer paths. White men taxed themselves to put an end to the negro’s ignorance and superstition. The white man opened his purse to endow colleges for the negro’s special benefit. The white man opened the door of opportunity to the black, and gave him a chance in every field of human endeavor. [Illustration: “We taught him how to work; we taught him how to read; we taught him how to think; we taught him how to live.”] Not for one month could the negro prosper in the United States, if the white man became his enemy. In one month, we could by concert of action, so smite the negro that his mushroom growth would wither like the severed gourd-vine. The maddest thing, the most suicidal thing that the black man could do would be to arouse the enmity of the whites. When that day comes, if it shall ever come, the white man will not any more stop to count the cost of annihilating, or of driving out the blacks, than Spain halted to count the cost of smiting and driving out the Moor. * * * * * In the United States the negro is seen at his best, because of the constant example, guidance and control of the whites. Nowhere else on the planet has the negro the religious establishment which he has copied from us, with our earnest help. Nowhere else has he the educational system which he has patterned after ours, aided at every step by us. Nowhere else has he the banks, manufactures, newspapers, magazines, modernized farms, elegant professional offices which he has fashioned upon our models, amid our plaudits of approval and encouragement. By the hundreds, by the thousands, the negro has been admitted to positions of honor and trust. He has been in the Senate; he has been in the House of Representatives; he has been in the State Legislatures; he has served on juries; he is in the army; he is on the police force.