Deer and cattle are fond of the foliage and young shoots if they can get at them. Numerous insects exhibit a like partiality; of these the caterpillar of the large and handsome Lime Hawk-moth (_Smerinthus tiliae_) is the most characteristic. The differences between the three species may be briefly noted:-- SMALL-LEAVED LIME (_Tilia parvifolia_). Does not attain the large proportions of the others. Leaves about two inches across, smooth; on the lower surface the axils of the nerves are glaucous and downy, with hairy patches between nerves. Fruit thin-shelled and brittle, downy, and very faintly ribbed. The upper leaves show a tendency to lobing. LARGE-LEAVED LIME (_Tilia platyphyllos_). Bark rougher. Twigs hairy. Leaves larger (four inches) and rougher, downy beneath, axils of the nerves woolly. Fruit of more oval shape, woody and strongly ribbed when ripe. COMMON LIME (_Tilia vulgaris_). Intermediate between the others. Leaves larger than those of _T. parvifolia_, smaller than those of _T. platyphyllos_; downy in axils beneath. Twigs smooth. Fruit woody, but without ribs. The name Lime was originally Linde, a form which, with the addition of _n_, is in use to-day. Chaucer and other English writers spell it Line and Lyne, and the transition from this form to that commonly used to-day has been effected by changing the _n_ to _m_. Originally it meant _pliant_, and had reference to the useful bast from which cordage and other flexible things were made. The Wych Elm (_Ulmus montana_). Of the two species of Elms commonly grown in these islands this alone is a native, though the Common or Small-leaved Elm (_Ulmus campestris_) was introduced from the Continent by the Romans, so that it has had time to get itself widely distributed over our country. Other names for the Wych Elm are Mountain Elm, Scots Elm, and Witch Hazel--the last-named being now more generally applied to an American plant, the _Hamamelis_. The philologists appear to be uncertain as to the origin and meaning of Wych, but it seems most probably a form of Witch. Just as a Hazel-rod is used by water-finders, who declare that its movements indicate the presence of hidden springs, so a wand of _Ulmus montana_ may have furnished the Witch-finder with a Witch Hazel for the detection of witches! [Illustration: _Pl. 32._ Wych Elm--summer.] [Illustration: _Pl. 33._ Fruits of Wych Elm.] The names _montana_, _campestris_, and Mountain Elm must not be allowed to mislead us as to the habits of the two species, for though the Wych Elm is known to reach an altitude of 3300 feet in the Alps, here it ascends only to 1300 feet (Yorks.), whilst _Ulmus campestris_, which might be understood to be less a hill-climber, grows at an elevation of 1500 feet in Derbyshire. As a matter of fact, both species are much fonder of valleys than of mountains.