The "wide separation of will and intellect" indicates the genius, and is seen in the Greeks. "The melancholy associated with genius is due to the fact that the will to live, the more clearly it is illuminated by the contemplating intellect, appreciates all the more clearly the misery of its condition," says Schopenhauer. _Cf._ the Greeks. 110 The moderation of the Greeks in their sensual luxury, eating, and drinking, and their pleasure therein; the Olympic plays and their worship . that shows what they were. In the case of the genius, "the intellect will point out the faults which are seldom absent in an instrument that is put to a use for which it was not intended." "The will is often left in the lurch at an awkward moment: hence genius, where real life is concerned, is more or less unpractical--its behaviour often reminds us of madness." 111 We contrast the Romans, with their matter-of-fact earnestness, with the genial Greeks! Schopenhauer: "The stern, practical, earnest mode of life which the Romans called _gravitas_ presupposes that the intellect does not forsake the service of the will in order to roam far off among things that have no connection with the will." 112 It would have been much better if the Greeks had been conquered by the Persians instead of by the Romans. 113 The characteristics of the gifted man who is lacking in genius are to be found in the average Hellene--all the dangerous characteristics of such a disposition and character. 114 Genius makes tributaries of all partly-talented people: hence the Persians themselves sent their ambassadors to the Greek oracles. 115 The happiest lot that can fall to the genius is to exchange doing and acting for leisure; and this was something the Greeks knew how to value. The blessings of labour! _Nugari_ was the Roman name for all the exertions and aspirations of the Greeks. No happy course of life is open to the genius, he stands in contradiction to his age and must perforce struggle with it. Thus the Greeks . they instinctively made the utmost exertions to secure a safe refuge for themselves (in the _polis_). Finally, everything went to pieces in politics. They were compelled to take up a stand against their enemies . this became ever more and more difficult, and at last impossible. 116 Greek culture is based on the lordship of a small class over four to nine times their number of slaves. Judged by mere numbers, Greece was a country inhabited by barbarians. How can the ancients be thought to be humane? There was a great contrast between the genius and the breadwinner, the half-beast of burden. The Greeks believed in a racial distinction. Schopenhauer wonders why Nature did not take it into her head to invent two entirely separate species of men. The Greeks bear the same relation to the barbarians "as free-moving or winged animals do to the barnacles which cling tightly to the rocks and must await what fate chooses to send them"--Schopenhauer's simile. 117