Standard Oil Company; Trusts, Industrial -- United States
The detective agency thus established by the railroads to spy out
the business of a whole trade was to send its reports "daily to
the principal office" of the thirteen gentlemen. If the railroads,
forgetting their obligations to the thirteen disciples, made any
reduction in any manner to anybody else, the company, as soon as it was
found out, could deduct the same amount from its secret rate.[61] If
the open rate to the public went down, the secret rate was to go down
as much. For the looks of things, it was stipulated that any one else
who could furnish an equal amount of transportation should have the
same rates;[62] but the possibility that any one should ever be able to
furnish an equal amount of transportation was fully taken care of in
another section clinching it all.
The railway managers, made kings of the road by the grant to them of
the sovereign powers of the State, covenanted, in order to make their
friends kings of light, that they would "maintain the business" of the
South Improvement Company "against loss or injury by competition," so
that it should be "a remunerative" and "a full and regular business,"
and pledged themselves to put the rates of freight up or down, as
might be "necessary to overcome such competition."[63] Contracts to
this effect, giving the South Improvement Company the sole right for
five years to do business between the oil wells and the rest of the
world, were made with it by the Erie, the New York Central, the Lake
Shore and Michigan Southern, the Pennsylvania, the Atlantic and Great
Western, and their connections, thus controlling the industry north,
south, east, west, and abroad. The contracts in every case bound all
the roads owned or leased by the railroads concerned.[64] The contracts
were duly signed, sealed, and delivered. On the oil business of that
year, as one of the members of the committee of Congress figured out
from the testimony, the railroad managers could collect an increase of
$7,500,000 in freights, of which they were to hand over to the South
Improvement Company $6,000,000, and pay into the treasury of their
employers--the railways--only $1,500,000.
The contract was signed for the New York Central and Hudson River
Railroad by its vice-president, but this agreement to kill off a whole
trade was too little or too usual to make any impression on his mind.
When publicly interrogated about it he could not remember having seen
or signed it.[65]
"The effect of this contract," the vice-president of the Erie Railway
Company was asked, "would have been a complete monopoly in the
oil-carrying trade?"
"Yes, sir; a complete monopoly."[66]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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