=From Seed.=—This natural process of reproduction is that most commonly adopted where large numbers of trees are required—indeed, certain species, particularly of the Coniferæ, cannot successfully be raised in any other way. The preparation of the seed-beds is a point that deserves far more attention than it usually receives, and that not only on economic grounds, but in view of the general appearance of the nursery borders as well. To tumble the seeds indiscriminately into the ground as if they had fallen in showers from the trees is highly objectionable; and just as censurable is the too-oft-repeated practice of sowing these in rough, cloddy, and ill-prepared ground. Systematic arrangement in the laying out of the beds, as to the number and requirements of the future seedlings, should also be attended to. The ground intended for seed-beds should be trenched or deeply dug up; but this operation would, for the mellowing and cleaning of the soil, be better performed the autumn before than at the time of sowing down. In any case, just before sowing, the ground should be carefully turned over, all hard clods being broken down, and large stones raked off, the surface soil to the depth of 3 in. or 4 in. being made as fine as possible. Dry weather must be chosen for the formation of seed-beds, as also, indeed, for the sowing of the seeds. The beds are marked off and prepared as follows:—A light, strong line is stretched along the ground at, say, 3 ft. from the boundary fence or path, and, after being fixed at each end, the first alley, or path, is marked out by treading the soil alongside of the line. The length of the bed thus marked off on one side is quite immaterial, but the width is of great importance, and should never exceed 4 ft.; 3 ft. 6 in. is nearer the mark.