The =Larch Sawfly= (_Nematus Erichsonii_).—This is a species of sawfly the larvæ of which bear considerable resemblance to those of the caterpillar of the pine sawfly, and also to that of the better known gooseberry caterpillar. The larvæ are about three-quarters of an inch long, and possess twenty feet. From July to August they feed on the leaves of the larch, and a plantation that has been attacked presents a partially leafless condition with quantities of the brown cylindrical cocoon cases lying amongst the grass beneath the trees. There have been several notable instances in which larch plantations have suffered severely from the attacks of this insect, and in northern England, particularly Cumberland, whole areas of plantation have been attacked. Burning all brushwood and grass beneath the trees in infected plantations is probably the best means of lessening the numbers of this dread insect in our larch plantations. The =Spruce Gall Aphis= (_Chermes abietis_).—This is a common insect, and one that renders many fine young spruce trees very unsightly by reason of the cone-like excrescences that are formed by the action of the insect on the shoots of the infested specimen. The formation of this excrescence is brought about by the female aphis piercing with her beak, or sucker, one of the buds, and drawing off the sap, the consequence being an unusual growth at that part. When the young larvæ appear, they also, by piercing the gall, extract the juices, and the gall enlarging soon causes the larvæ to become embedded at the bases of the leaves, which, by this time, have become curiously malformed. The insects are scarcely one-tenth of an inch long. [Illustration: ELM TREE DESTROYER] A. Entrance of Parent Tube. B. Insect in Tube. C. An imperfect Tube arrested from want of nourishment. D. Scolytus Destructor. Natural size. E. Lateral Tubes with Larvæ, some changing to the Pupa state. The only remedy is to collect the cone-like excrescences and have them destroyed, except in the case of badly infested trees, which should be cut down and burned. The =Elm Tree Destroyer= (_Scolytus destructor_) is about one-fifth of an inch long, stout and cylindrical, and usually confines its depredations to the elm. In the beginning of June this beetle bores into the inner bark, where it forms galleries, along the margins of which are laid the eggs. Cutting down and burning badly-attacked trees is the best remedy, but promoting exuberant health of the infested specimens by means of enriching the soil has been attended with promising results.