=By Grafting.=—This may best be described as a makeshift method of increasing trees and shrubs. It has only a few advantages, and many disadvantages, as is well known to every one on a large estate who goes in for collections of the less common kinds of trees and shrubs. If a plant cannot be increased conveniently by any of the above methods grafting may be resorted to, but the work should only be entrusted to those who have great practical knowledge of the art, and who have paid particular attention to the evils attending injudicious grafting. Some of the errors in grafting may be cited as follows: Working on too tall stocks whereby an unnatural appearance and continual source of danger in windy weather are brought about; grafting small scions on large stocks, and grafting evergreen on deciduous species—all of which have tended, in a marked degree, to lower the art in the opinion of horticulturists generally. The grafting of conifers may be performed at one of two seasons: either early in spring or about the month of August. Two-year-old stock are mostly to be preferred, so that the stock and scion may be of as near a size as possible. Several methods of grafting are adopted, but that generally practised is what is known as “side grafting.” This consists in making a clean cut in the stem, downwards, for about an inch in length. A transverse cut is made at the termination of this first cut, whereby a piece of the bark wood is removed from the side of the stock. The scion is next prepared by being cut off square at the end, and one side of the wood shaved off for about an equal length to the cut on the stock. Place the scion in the notch made on the stock, and be careful that the barks, on one side at least, come neatly together, for on this hangs the whole fate of successful grafting. The scion should, indeed, be made to fit as nearly as possible and replace the wedge cut from the stock. Tie firmly and carefully with bast matting, and cover over with prepared clay or grafting wax. Another method consists in making an incision obliquely in the stock, the scion being so prepared that one side of it forms a sharp edge, in order that it may be readily inserted therein, the bark of the scion and stock coming neatly together. Tie with matting as before directed, and cover over with clay or grafting wax. Inarching, or grafting by approach, consists in bringing the scion into union with the stock without detaching it from its own stem, and the separation is not made until the new connection has been formed. =Budding.=—This is usually performed in July, and in the case of certain shrubs has been found useful. The bud should, in addition to its strip of bark, have a portion of the cambium attached, as unless this be present to unite with the cambium of the stock the operation will fail.