IV.--Philosophy 81 V.--Religion 92 PART SECOND. AGE OF AUGUSTUS. Chapter I.--Literature 121 II.--Art 154 III.--Science 176 IV.--Philosophy 193 V.--Religion 208 PART THIRD. AGE OF LEO X. Chapter I.--Literature 231 II.--Art 265 III.--Science 292 IV.--Philosophy 313 V.--Religion 325 PART FOURTH. AGE OF WASHINGTON. Chapter I.--Literature 347 II.--Art 372 III.--Science 388 IV.--Philosophy 407 V.--Religion 423 PERICLES; OR, THE AGE OF ARTISTIC BEAUTY. PROLOGUE OF MOTTOES. "Could we create so close, tender, and cordial a connection between the citizens of a state, as to induce all to consider themselves as relatives--as fathers, brothers, and sisters, then this whole state would constitute but a single family, be subjected to the most perfect regulations, and become the happiest republic that ever existed upon earth."--Plato. "Although this great edifice of universal history, where the conclusion at least is still wanting, is in this respect incomplete, and appears but a mighty fragment of which even particular parts are less known to us than others; yet is this edifice sufficiently advanced, and many of its great wings and members are sufficiently unfolded to our view, to enable us, by a lucid arrangement of the different periods of history, to gain a clear insight into the general plan of the whole."--Frederic Von Schlegel. "Whatever is necessary exists."--De Maistre. "God shall enlarge Japhet, and he shall dwell in the tents of Shem."--Genesis ix. 27. PART FIRST. PERICLES.--AGE OF ARTISTIC BEAUTY. CHAPTER I. LITERATURE. Civilization is earth's central stream, and all literatures, arts, sciences, philosophies, and religions are but tributaries to swell its tide and increase its current. To indicate the successive sources, describe the multiform elements, and demonstrate the progressive aggregation and enrichment of this unity in diversity, is the object of the present work. Much patient and critical research will be requisite at each remove, but the chief difficulty lies at the threshold of the undertaking. When and with what does authentic history, illustrated through human progress, begin? Geography, ethnology, and philology must be our chief oracles in reply.