What America did : $b A record of achievement in the prosecution of the warKelly, Florence Finch
History
What America did : $b A record of achievement in the prosecution of the war
Kelly, Florence Finch
World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
It is not possible to describe all the multiple achievements of
the War Industries Board, but a glance at them shows many of vital
importance. By establishing maximum prices upon a number of staple
raw materials necessary in the war-making program, an executive
order of the President putting into legal operation its agreements
and decisions, the Price Fixing Committee of the Board stabilized
prices and prevented or lessened profiteering in many industries. The
Conservation Section reduced wastage in industry in various ways, but
especially by curtailing the number of patterns, or varieties, in each
of many lines of production, scrutinizing for this purpose nearly two
hundred different industries. Thus, the thousand and more different
patterns for a buggy step were reduced to two, with resulting economy
of both labor and material. A Committee on Emergency Construction
took charge, under the Construction Division of the Government, of
the vast building program upon which the nation had at once to enter.
Cantonments, flying fields, camps, hospitals, embarkation depots,
docks, wharves, storehouses, ordnance, powder, explosives and nitrate
plants and other structures had to be built with the greatest possible
rapidity. The War Industries Board first developed a method for getting
the necessary information concerning contractors who could take charge
of this enormous building program and devised a scheme of organization
and then, by means of its priorities system, made sure that each
operation should have at the moment of need the necessary materials,
transportation facilities and labor. These structures, finished and in
construction, totaled a cost at the end of the war of approximately two
billion dollars. The Chemical Division did highly important work in the
way of instituting, aiding and speeding scientific investigations and
stimulating new chemical industries, such as the potash supply and the
dye industry. The Steel Division received the enthusiastic coöperation
of the steel manufacturers, who speeded up their plants for the
production of the immensely increased quantities needed of this vital
product. More and more steel, and ever more steel, was necessary for
the making of munitions, guns, cannon, rails, locomotives, shipyards,
ships. In the last six months of 1918 the steel products that went
into direct and indirect war necessities amounted to 22,000,000 tons,
a production of about twenty-five per cent more than would have been
the reasonable expectation for the period. The Steel Division handled
approximately 40,000,000 tons of steel per year. The Board’s program
of speeding work greatly increased the output in many vital industries.
For instance, the locomotive industry doubled its production in three
months without increasing its facilities or expanding its works. It
has been estimated that the industrial capacity of the country was
increased by at least twenty per cent.
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