Produced by Robin Monks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries.) WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS [Illustration: VIEW OF THE RIVER FRONT OF THE HOUSE OCCUPIED BY WHYNNIARD _The words 'Prince's Chamber, House of Lords,' in the foreground can only mean that those buildings are behind the house._] WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS BY SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L., LL.D. FELLOW OF MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK AND BOMBAY 1897 All rights reserved WORKS BY SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L. LL.D. HISTORY OF ENGLAND, from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 1603-1642. 10 vols. crown 8vo. 6s. each. A HISTORY OF THE GREAT CIVIL WAR, 1642-1649. 4 vols. crown 8vo. 6s. each. A HISTORY OF THE COMMONWEALTH AND THE PROTECTORATE. 1649-1660. Vol. I. 1649-1651. With 14 Maps. 8vo. 21s. A STUDENT'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. From the Earliest Times to 1885. Vol. I. (B.C. 55-A.D. 1509.) With 173 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s. Vol. II. (1509-1689.) With 96 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s. Vol. III. (1689-1885.) With 109 Illustrations. Crown 8vo. 4s. Complete in One Volume, with 378 Illustrations, crown 8vo. 12s. A SCHOOL ATLAS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. Edited by SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, D.C.L. LL.D. With 66 Coloured Maps and 22 Plans of Battles and Sieges. Fcp. 4to. 5s. This Atlas is intended to serve as a companion to Mr. S. R. Gardiner's 'Student's History of England.' In addition to the historical maps of the British Isles, in whole or in part, are others of Continental countries or districts which were the scenes of events connected more or less closely with English History. Indian and Colonial development also obtain due recognition. CROMWELL'S PLACE IN HISTORY, Founded on Six Lectures delivered at Oxford. Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. WHAT GUNPOWDER PLOT WAS: a Reply to Father Gerard. THE FIRST TWO STUARTS AND THE PURITAN REVOLUTION, 1603-1660. 4 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR, 1618-1648. With a Map. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. OUTLINE OF ENGLISH HISTORY, B.C. 55-A.D. 1895. With 67 Woodcuts and 17 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, 1789-1795. By Mrs. S. R. GARDINER. With 7 Maps. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. 6d. LONGMANS, GREEN, & CO. 39 Paternoster Row, London New York and Bombay. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. HISTORICAL EVIDENCE 1 II. GUY FAWKES'S STORY 17 III. THE LATER DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE 43 IV. STRUCTURAL DIFFICULTIES 77 V. THE DISCOVERY 114 VI. THE GOVERNMENT AND THE CATHOLICS 138 VII. THE GOVERNMENT AND THE PRIESTS 173 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE