Arithmetic, starting-point of mathematics, 153; importance of, to Pythagoras, 153; numbers the essence of the universe, 153, 154; Greek meaning of, 154; Pythagorean speculations on natural series of units, 155; specimens of treatment by Pythagoras, 156; importance of numbers ten and twelve, 156; Greek notation, 157; Euclid’s works on, 161; books on history of, 170 Arnold, Matthew, compares Milton’s style with Virgil’s, 46; writes plays after Greek models, 58 _Merope_: 58 Art, earliest Greek, 12; proper province of, 33, 34; use of the term, 98 Artificiality of Greek poetry, defined, 33, 34 Asklepiads, method of, 176 Assemblies, in Greek democracies, 183 Astronomy, books on history of, 170 _Atalanta_, _see_ Swinburne Athens, debts in, 186; leadership, 201; degeneration of spiritual life in, 210 Atomic theory, developed by Leucippus and Democritus, 231, 232; results of, 233; Aristotle’s objections to, 233 Atomists, doctrine of, 218, 219 Atreus, tomb of, 102, 111 Attic citizens, character, 208 Attic Code of laws, 190, 261 Attic life, portrayed by Menander, 208, 209 B Bacchylides, comparison of Gray with, 54 Beehive huts, earliest form of house, 99; extant examples, 99, 100; not easily defended, 99; once a general type, 100; houses of the dead, 100-102; Treasury of Athens, 101; development of, 102 Biography, Plutarch, model, 80 _Birds and Frogs_, of Aristophanes, 27 Blow’s anthem, “I beheld and lo! a great multitude,” 126 Boccaccio, and Greek novels, 95 Botany, promoted by Aristotle, 171 Botticelli, Greek influence on, 131 Brougham, Lord, on Demosthenes, 84 Browning, Robert, his version of _Agamemnon_, 57; version of Euripides, 57, 58, 64 Brydges, Sir Egerton, on choruses in _Samson Agonistes_, 50 Buckle’s _Civilisation_, famous opening, 5 Burke, Edmund, style influenced by Isocrates, 90; translation of the _Tract on the Sublime_, 92 Burlington Art Club of London, collection of Greek fragments, 21 Byron, Lord, leader of Romantic school, 55; knowledge of Greek poetry, 55; borrows from Æschylus, 55; interested in Greek life and Greece, 56; interests Romanticists in Greece, 56 Byzantine architecture, 18 C Calverley’s _Theocritus_, 64 Cambridge Platonists, 240 Carrey, Jacques, drawings of Parthenon, 52 Cathedral of Henry the Lion at Brunswick, 119 Chalmers, Thomas, Scotch orator, style, 90 Chapman, translation of the Iliad, 45, 51 _Charioteer_ of Delphi, 117 Choral hymns, Doric, 41 Cicero on Pindar, 50; on history, 80; style modelled on that of Isocrates, 88, 90 _De Finibus_: 245 City states, in Greece, 183; combinations and alliances, 200 Colours, use, 118 Comedy, Greek, influence, 60, 61 Composition in sculpture, 120, 122 _Comus_, _see_ Milton Constantinople, adheres to Hellenic traditions, 182 _Constitution of Athens_, 169 Contracts, civil, 194 Conversation, perfection of Greek style, 90, 91; Plato’s _Dialogues_, 91