Music, first beginnings, 99, 133 _ff_; notation related to meaning, 125; existing specimens of Greek, fragmentary, 134; comparison of Greek with Japanese, 135; Greek scales, 135, 142-144; and Greek poetry, 136; relation to education, 136, 137, 144; effect upon morals, 137-140, 144; Greek music source of modern, 141; simplicity, 141; Greek works on, 141; Plato on instrumental and vocal, 141; extant Greek tracts on, 142; Hungarian, 142; problems of Greek, 142; scientific basis of harmony discovered by Pythagoreans, 143; Pythagorean theory, 143; Aristotle on melody, 144; summary of Greek music, 144 N Naples, 145 Natural history, collection of facts by Greeks, 147 Natural philosophy, 236 _Nike_ of Samothrace, 117 Novel, development among Greeks, 93, 94; and Menander’s plays, 94; main topic imported from East, 94 O _Ode on a Greek Vase_, by Keats, 132 _Ode to St. Cecilia_, _see_ Dryden _Odyssey_, world epic, 27, 41; imitated, 41; unequalled, 42 _Œdipus_, _see_ Sophocles Optics, Euclid’s work on, 166 Oratory, school of pleaders, 68; treatment of subject, 69; subject of great importance, 69, 70; eloquence of debate and eloquence of display, 68, 81; Greeks adverse to extemporaneous speaking, 81; art of persuasion, 82; arguments and manner of presenting, 82, 83; legal rhetoric, 83; speeches of Demosthenes, 83; _De Corona_, 83; Greek oratory of debate still the model of modern world, 85 Orchomenos, 101 Ornament, earlier in development than architecture, 99; in pre-historic ages, 99; in Doric temple, 104 P Painting, 125 _ff_; examples of Greek, 126, 127; qualities requisite for success, 128; Greek sense of form, 128; Greek sense of colour, 128-130; landscape little developed among Greeks, 130, 131; portraits, 131; mythical subjects, 131; and sculpture, 131; indirect influence on modern painting, 131, 132; Greek vases, 132; branch of decoration, 132, 133 Pantheism, doctrine of, 222-224; positive side of, 223; arguments for, 224; how regarded by Greek public, 225; and Wordsworth, Shelley, Tennyson, 228, 229 Pantheists, Greek, character of, 222; legacy to mankind, 228; effect on modern poetry, 228 Pantheon, 111 Pappus, work in geometry, 161 Papyrus I. of Turin, 197 _Paradise Lost_, _see_ Milton Parmenides, 236; gives positive side of doctrine of pantheism, 223 Parthenon, unexcelled, 27; J. Carrey’s drawings of, 52; frieze, 113, 122; horses of, 121; ornamentation, 130 Pastoral poetry developed by Theocritus, 35 Pater, Walter, _Marius the Epicurean_, 244 Paul, Saint, on Stoicism, 245 Pausanias, and temple of Hera, 105; and Tomb of the Minyæ, 108 Peisias, the Lycian, will of, 196 Peloponnesus, cities of, 201 Penrose, Mr., Greek critic, 27 Pericles studied oratory, 70 Peripatetic Mathematics, 170 _Persians_ of Timotheus, _see_ Timotheus Peyron, Amédée, 197 _Phædo_, of Plato, 242 Phelps, W. L., on Gray, 54