Pherecydes of Syros, predecessor of Heracleitus, 67 Phidias, and the _Laocoon_, 116; his ornamentation of the Parthenon, 121, 122; his procession of figures, 122, 123 Philodemus, _Tract on Music_, on effect of music on morals, 138 Philosophy, relation to science, 169, 236; secular and free, 215, 216 Phœnicia, influence on Greece, 11, 12 Phœnician alphabet, 12 Phormio, 71 Phrynichus, _Fall of Miletus_: displeasing to Attic audience, 73, 115 Physical geography, 169 Physics, mathematical, 162; developed by Archimedes, 162; development of hydrostatics and mechanics by Heron, 162, 167 Pindar, Cicero on, 50; Horace’s appreciation, 53 Pindar, _Odes_, 27 Place-names, Greek, 7 Plato, influence on Wordsworth, 57; as critic, 92; on influence of music, 139, 141; philosophy of, 237; influence on modern thought, 237; views of education, 237, 238; theology, 238 _ff_; on moral law, 239, 240; on aristocracy of intellect, 241; on immortality of soul, 242 _Dialogues_: model of conversation, 91; logical studies in, 149; character, 214; subjects, 215 _Phaedo_: 242 _Politicus_: 238 _Republic_: picture of gloom, 116; ideal for safeguard of society in, 238 _Sophist_: 152 Platonism, 228 Plautus, translation of Menander, 61, 209 Plutarch, model for modern biographers, 80 _Lives_: North’s translation furnished Shakespeare with subjects, 45, 80; influence on French Revolution, 46 _Poetic_, _see_ Aristotle Poetry, Greek: 31 _ff_; carefully studied product, 32, 37; dialects, 33, 40; development, 34, 35; pastoral, 35; dramatic, 36; lyric, 37; form and spirit, 38; diction and metre, 38; best studied in the original, 38, 64; examples of inferior, 38, 39; associated with other arts, 39; dignity and brevity, 40; and modern poetry, 41 _ff_; great epics, 41; influence, 42 _ff_; how far reduced to theory, 61-63; translations, 45, 51, 52, 64; indirect influence through Latin, 45; and music, 136 Politics, causes of development, 182, 183 _Politicus_, of Plato, 238 Polybius, artistic conception of history, 79; and Achæan League, 203; on limitation of family, 207; on ruin of Greece, 211 Pompeii, 145 Pope, Alexander, translation of _Iliad_, 51, 52, 53 Praxiteles unexcelled, 112 Praxiteles, _Hermes_, 33 _Prometheus Vinctus_, _see_ Æschylus Prose, Greek, knowledge of early development of, 65; late origin, 66; poetry more popular than, 66; early attempt at, by Heracleitus, 67; Hippocrates, 67; beginnings among Dorians, 68; prose adapted for a listening public, 86; political essay, 86; laws of composition devised by Isocrates, 88; conversation easy, 90; letter-writing, 92; the novel, 93; books of travel, 97 Puteoli, gateway into Italy, 145 Pythagoras, effect of influence, 221; contemporaries and successors, 221