Produced by Marilynda Fraser-Cunliffe, Martin Pettit and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was made using scans of public domain works from the University of Michigan Digital Libraries) WHAT IS DARWINISM? BY CHARLES HODGE, PRINCETON, N. J. NEW YORK: SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG, AND COMPANY. 1874. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1874, by SCRIBNER, ARMSTRONG, & COMPANY, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE: STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY. CONTENTS. PAGE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUESTION 1 DIFFERENT THEORIES AS TO THE ORIGIN OF THE UNIVERSE, AND SPECIALLY OF VEGETABLE AND ANIMAL ORGANISMS. 1. The Scriptural Theory 3 2. The Pantheistic Theory 7 3. The Epicurean Theory 10 4. The Doctrine of Herbert Spencer 11 5. Hylozoic Theory 21 6. Unscriptural Forms of Theism 22 DARWIN'S THEORY 26 NATURAL SELECTION 31 SENSE IN WHICH DARWIN USES THE WORD NATURAL 40 THE THREE ELEMENTS OR DARWINISM 48 THE EXCLUSION OF DESIGN IN NATURE THE FORMATIVE IDEA OF DARWIN'S THEORY 49 PROOF OF DARWIN'S DENIAL OF TELEOLOGY, FROM HIS OWN WRITINGS 53 PROOF FROM THE EXPOSITIONS OF HIS THEORY BY ITS AVOWED ADVOCATES. Mr. Russell Wallace 64 Professor Huxley 72 Dr. Buechner 84 Carl Vogt 85 Prof. Haeckel 87 Strauss 147 PROOF FROM THE OBJECTIONS URGED BY THE OPPONENTS OF MR. DARWIN'S THEORY. Duke of Argyll 96 Agassiz 101 Professor Janet 105 M. Flourens 108 Rev. Walter Mitchell 111 Principal Dawson 119 RELATION OF DARWINISM TO RELIGION 125 CAUSES OF THE ANTAGONISM BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION 126 THE EVOLUTION THEORY CONTRARY TO FACTS AND TO SCRIPTURE 141 SIR WILLIAM THOMSON ON TELEOLOGY 165 DR. ASA GRAY 174 DARWINISM TANTAMOUNT TO ATHEISM 177