A nation that embraces a multitude of believers in such theories as phrenology, Christian Science, osteopathy, astrology, spiritism, etc., and which adopts these and other fads as religions, must indeed be an over-credulous if not a fanatical one. Some of these isms and ologies have been dissected and analyzed in the following pages, and these little essays have been inserted parenthetically, as it were. They tend to prove that Barnum was right when he said, "The American public loves to be humbugged." Here in America, not so many years ago, we were burning people at the stake and punishing innocent persons for witchcraft. Still later some of our best people were holding converse with departed spirits who were otherwise busying themselves with upsetting tables, painting portraits, etc. And it is so even now. Thousands of intelligent Americans are now being guided in all their affairs by mediums, astrologists, palmists, clairvoyants, etc. Some years ago I had occasion to make a more or less thorough investigation of some of these isms and ologies, and in the following chapters I have given some of the results. Our forefathers came here to escape religious persecutions at home, but one of the first things they did on landing was to impose the penalty of death on all those who should dissent from their own religious beliefs. These and other similar Puritanic orders have done much to prevent the growth and development of the arts in America. We have had liberty and freedom to excess, in some respects, yet in other respects we have been tied hand and foot. We are not yet a full-grown nation. America is still in its infancy of development. It is also interesting to note how Americans follow a chosen leader like so many sheep, and how and why certain leaders become popular. Hence, a few chapters have been added which treat of men, habits, popularity, greatness, the public, etc. The author makes no apology for the fact that these little articles were not written with the intention of inserting them in this volume. It is obvious that they were not. Nevertheless, they are given here for what they are worth, because they may be helpful in showing What's What in America. THE AUTHOR. December 15, 1919. CONTENTS PAGE CREDULITY 5 CHRISTIAN SCIENCE 10 OSTEOPATHY 29 PHRENOLOGY 42 PHYSIOGNOMY 54 DREAMS 61 SUPERSTITIONS 71 STAGE TRICKS AND OCCULTISM 84 GHOSTS 94 STRIKES, PROFITEERING AND THE HIGH COST OF LIVING 101 THE PUBLIC 163 POPULARITY 167 GREATNESS 172 THE MARTYRDOM OF GENIUS 183 GENTLEMEN, BE SEATED 189 BEARDS 202 GAMBLING 211 WEDDING BELLS 222 What's What In America