If the constipation is severe, causing occasional attacks of colic or straining at stool, it is sometimes advisable to give a little higher percentage of fat in the mixture, but this should be done very cautiously and usually on the advice of the physician. If, however, this does not relieve the trouble, the best plan is to substitute one of the dextrin-maltose mixtures for milk-sugar or cane-sugar. The malt itself is not especially laxative but it prevents the excessive fermentation which usually occurs when the bowels are very costive. * * * * * [Sidenote: Diarrhea] Two, three, or more green and loose evacuations, even though they may contain whitish particles of undigested fat, are of no great significance in the breast-fed infant, but should be regarded as danger signals in bottle-fed babies. Even a mild attack of diarrhea is usually a symptom of fat-dyspepsia which, if taken in time, may usually be promptly checked. A dose of castor-oil at the beginning of the attack may relieve any irritation that might have caused the trouble. It is best to omit all food for at least twenty-four hours. Plain water should be given very freely and occasionally barley water, if the baby is hungry. After that it is best to start with a mixture low in fat. Skimmed milk or boiled milk free from all fat, diluted with cereal water, may be given at regular intervals. Should slight diarrheal attacks continue, or should the stools be of a diarrheal character, the wisest plan is to substitute a dextrin-maltose mixture for the sugar, as malt decidedly favors fat absorption. In almost every case of infantile diarrhea it is advisable to consult the physician, especially if there is considerable restlessness and rise in temperature. Diarrhea is more frequent in summer among bottle-fed babies, as the heat often promotes the growth of germs in the milk. Therefore to sterilize or pasteurize milk during the heated months is especially necessary. A chill, due to insufficient clothing, will sometimes cause diarrhea. The abdomen, arms, and legs should be kept warm by close-fitting garments of soft wool. * * * * * [Sidenote: Anemia] In treating anemia in infants, as in adults, the cause should be removed by correcting any errors in diet and treating any other physical deficiencies. The cause of infantile anemia is an insufficient absorption of iron from the food. The amount of iron in both human milk and cow’s milk is small and is insufficient for the needs of the growing infant. However, Nature has deposited enough iron in the liver of the new-born infant to last until it can digest foods which contain iron in sufficient amounts. The iron in human milk is apparently more easily retained than that in the milk of animals. The iron content of human milk is dependent on the general condition of the mother. It is higher in healthy individuals and lower in those under par.