Anemia in infants is apt to become severe and often take on a pernicious form. A prolonged intestinal disturbance often brings on anemia, and not infrequently anemia is due to a deficiency of protein in the food. The treatment consists largely of additions or changes in the diet, depending on the age of the infant. Purées of vegetables that contain much iron, such as spinach and carrots, and also fruit juices, are valuable and in proper proportions can be added to the diet after the age of six months. It is best that the physician decide on the advisability of this as it will depend on the general condition of the infant. * * * * * [Sidenote: Rickets] Rickets, a chronic impairment of nutrition, affects not only the bones, but all of the tissues of the body, particularly the nervous system. Artificial feeding is the chief cause of rickets on account of the poor absorption of fats, and often because of protein starvation. Prepared foods, on account of their large percentage of starch and their lack of protein and butter-fat are frequently the cause of rickets. In addition to its fuel value, milk-fat contains the elements which promote growth. As previously stated, the infant requires a certain percentage of protein, fat, and mineral for the blood and tissue building and the growth of the bones. In artificial feeding, the preparations given are often deficient in these important elements. Climate and poor hygienic surroundings sometimes cause rickets in breast-fed babies, probably on account of the lowered vitality of the mother and the child and consequently poor digestion and assimilation, but it is most frequently found in babies improperly fed. Dr. Winfield S. Hall says: Fresh milk, appropriately modified and in proper amount, together with such other food as is indicated for the age and weight, is the important point in the treatment of rickets. Fresh air, day and night, sunshine and outdoor life, are only next in happiness. Cod-liver oil, especially with the addition of phosphorus, is a very valuable addition to the treatment. * * * * * [Sidenote: Scurvy] Rickets is a chronic condition, while scurvy is an acute disease. This difficulty is considered as entirely due to improper feeding and therefore must be overcome by a change of diet. Recovery is usually very rapid when the child is properly fed. Pains and tenderness about the joints, particularly of the legs, are the usual symptoms, causing the baby to cry when it is lifted or moved about. The gums sometimes become swollen and bleed. In almost every case it is found that infants suffering from scurvy have been on a continuous diet of prepared foods like malted milk, condensed milk, or boiled milk which Dr. Hall terms “dead food,” presumably on account of a lack of the life-giving proteins and butter-fat.