[61] Jardine, _Gunpowder Plot_, p. 5. Strype says of the time of Elizabeth: "The faction of the Catholics in England is great, and able, if the kingdom were divided into three parts, to make two of them." (_Annals_, iii. 313, quoted by Butler, _Historical Memoirs_, ii. 177.) At the execution of Father Oldcorne, 1606, a proof was given of their numbers which is said to have alarmed the king greatly. The Father having from the scaffold invited all Catholics to pray with him, almost all present uncovered. [62] Of this there can be no doubt, in spite of James's subsequent denial. Father Garnet wrote to Parsons (April 16th, 1603): "There hath happened a great alteration by the death of the Queen. Great fears were, but all are turned into greatest security, and a golden time we have of unexpected freedom abroade.... The Catholicks have great cause to hope for great respect, in that the nobility all almost labour for it, and have good promise thereof from his Majesty." (Stonyhurst MSS. _Anglia_, iii. 32.) Goodman says: "And certainly they [the Catholics] had very great promises from him." (_Court of King James_, i. 86.) [63] "The Penal Laws, a code as savage as any that can be conceived since the foundation of the world."--Lord Chief Justice Coleridge. (_To Lord Mayor Knill_, Nov. 9, 1892.) [64] Gardiner, i. 100. [65] Jardine, _Gunpowder Plot_, 18. [66] _Ibid._ 20. [67] Gardiner, i. 166. [68] Green, _History of the English People_, iii. 62. Mr. Green adds: "Rumours of Catholic conversions spread a panic which showed itself in an Act of the Parliament of 1604 confirming the statutes of Elizabeth; and to this James gave his assent. He promised, indeed, that the statute should remain inoperative." In May, 1604, the Catholics boasted that they had been joined by 10,000 converts. (Gardiner, _Hist_. i. 202.) [69] _Catholique Apology_, 404. [70] Salisbury, in reward of his services on this occasion, received the Garter, May 20th, 1606, and was honoured on the occasion with an almost regal triumph. Of the proceedings subsequent to the Plot we are told: "In passing these laws for the security of the Protestant Religion, the Earl of Salisbury exerted himself with distinguished zeal and vigour, which gained him great love and honour from the kingdom, as appeared in some measure, in the universal attendance on him at his installation with the Order of the Garter, on the 20th of May, 1606, at Windsor." (Birch, _Historical View_, p. 256.) [71] This belief is so notorious that one instance must suffice as evidence for it. A paper of informations addressed to Cecil himself, April, 1604, declares that the Catholics hoped to see a good day yet, and that "his Majesty would suffer a kinde of Tolleracyon, for his inclynacyon is good, howsoever the Councell set out his speeches." (S.P.O. _Dom. James I._ vii. 86.)