What Was the Religion of Shakespeare?Mangasarian, M. M. (Mangasar Mugurditch)
Religion
What Was the Religion of Shakespeare?
Mangasarian, M. M. (Mangasar Mugurditch)
Religion in literature
It is no objection to this to say that there are ghosts, witches, and
apparitions on his stage, and that therefore he was a believer in the
supernatural. We must not confound the machinery of the stage with the
stage-master. Even Hamlet, when he exclaims that he sees his dead father
and Horatio asks him "Where?" answers: "In my mind's eye;" which shows
how little the appurtenances of the theatre of those times affected
the atmosphere of the author's mind. This same Hamlet who in popular
_parlance_ has beheld his dead father revisit the glimpses of the moon,
declares in the language of his own sober thought, that the beyond is an
"undiscovered country from whose bourne _no traveler returns._" And if
Macbeth, unlike Hamlet, puts faith in the supernatural, he does so
to his own hurt. But even Macbeth recovers his senses sufficiently to
exclaim:
And be these juggling fiends no more believed,
That palter with lies in a double sense;
and again:
Infected be the air whereon they ride;
And damned all those that trust them!
If it be objected that Shakespeare's hostility to the supernatural is
confined to what might be called the _bogus_ variety, and not to the
kind that is true, we reply that there is no evidence in the plays that
Shakespeare ever made such a distinction. Without anywhere intimating
that he believed in one kind of the supernatural and not in another (the
kind people believe in is generally their own, and the kind they deny,
that of somebody else), Shakespeare expresses his opinion of those who
accept the supernatural in no uncertain way:--
Look how the world's poor people are amazed
At apparitions, signs, and prodigies,
Whereon with fearful eyes they long have gaz'd
Infusing them with dreadful prophecies. *
Having just told us that "It is difficult to say whether Shakespeare
had any religious faith or no," Green intimates that Shakespeare was an
agnostic, and probably a disciple of Montaigne. If he was an agnostic,
it is not true that we do not know "whether he had any religious faith
or no." We can be sure that he was without religious faith of any kind,
using the word "religious" in the sense of the supernatural--if he
preferred agnosticism to the creeds. He was an agnostic, it is to
be supposed, because he could not conscientiously profess any of the
"religious faiths" of his day.
But to be an agnostic does not mean to be without a religion; it only
means to be without a revealed religion. This very agnosticism, as the
expression of a courageous, honest and rational protest against revealed
religions, is a religion--more manly, certainly, than the popular
religions, because while the latter are imitative to a large extent, the
former is unconstrained and personal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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