It may be worth mentioning that after a period of therapy some problems turn out to be marital in nature even though both husband and wife believed them to be an individual's emotional problem--the man's problem, not the wife's, or vice-versa, and certainly not a "marital problem." Sometimes it is only after many individual sessions of therapy that the marital basis of a problem becomes clear. When appropriate, the expressed willingness of a spouse to become involved in his or her partner's individual therapy can be a real help, providing emotional and treatment support and also saving time when in fact the marital relationship itself contributes to the individual's problems. General marriage therapy: Primary: R, D, E, H, I Secondary: P, N, I For communication problems: R, D §_8 Family Problems_ There is a growing realization among therapists that many individual problems are produced by families torn by conflict. Often, family therapy can provide more effective help to a troubled individual than therapy that treats the individual alone. This seems to be especially true in many cases of schizophrenia (see §12 below) and in fears of withdrawal of affection and of abandonment (see §3.4 above). General family therapy: S, D, C, I, N {76} §_9 Problems Related to Aging_ §9.1. Emotional problems in facing old age: E, G §9.2. Problems facing the recently widowed: H, G §9.3. Coping with physical pain and disability: U, V, W, Y, X §_10 Involuntary Behaviors_ (see §13 below) §10.1. Stuttering: U, G, I, O, W §10.2. Shaking or motor tic disorders: U, G, I, Y, W §10.3. Insomnia: V, U, W, Y §_11. Crisis Intervention:_ _A Need for_ Prompt _Relief from Severe Symptoms_ Crisis telephone hotlines are available in most metropolitan areas for immediate counseling and referrals. If such services do not exist in your area, your family physician, minister, local clinic, hospital, and even police can be of assistance. Primary: usually Y followed by B, C, F, or G Secondary: W, N, O, or P §_12 Psychoses_ If you have a psychosis, you behave in response to delusions or hallucinations. Your behavior is seen by others as strange and inappropriate; you are inclined to withdraw from social groups. You are severely impaired, out of touch with reality, often unable to communicate, illogical, rambling, incoherent. Your emotional responses are greatly out of proportion, even inconsistent, with external events. There are numerous forms of psychosis, including types of schizophrenia, manic and paranoid psychoses, hysterical psychoses, and others. Since self-diagnosis for these conditions is neither appropriate nor likely to be accurate, no detailed discussion of the distinct forms of psychosis will be given here. Any diagnosis of psychosis requires a careful evaluation by a psychiatrist, clinical psychologist, or psychotherapist.