Primary: Y (antipsychotic drugs) in conjunction with M, O, or H Secondary: Y with S or A; Y with T {77} §_13 Organic Disorders_ §13.1. Senescence, Alzheimer's disease: Senescence is associated with aging. Three-quarters of persons sixty-five years old and older have a chronic, disabling condition such as emphysema, heart disease, or hypertension. Most elderly individuals are able to cope with these disabilities for the rest of their lives. Some, however, begin to have psychological problems associated with senescence--e.g., confusion, depression, paranoia, and sometimes delirious states: supportive therapies: (e.g., B) and sometimes Y In Alzheimer's disease, which is a distinct disease and not simply a sign of aging, you may have numerous physical complaints that cannot be traced to a physical illness. You may be irritable, lack energy, be apprehensive, show increasing forgetfulness and changes of personality. Family members may complain that you "are not yourself." Presenile and senile dementia are two forms of Alzheimer's disease; both are progressively degenerative: Y, care by family or by nursing home to provide supportive environment, planning of daily activities, etc. §13.2. Parkinsonism/Huntington's chorea: Both are movement disorders that can produce psychiatric problems, including depression and schizophrenic disturbances. §13.3. Substance-induced: alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking. Alcoholism: Y, O, Alcoholics Anonymous Drug abuse: Primary: Y, Synanon, O Secondary: M, D, K Smoking: O, W Potentially useful for all of the above as adjunctive treatments: T, X §13.4. Organic brain dysfunctions: epilepsy, narcolepsy, amnesia, dementia, delirium. There are numerous conditions caused by abnormalities in brain function. They do not lend themselves to self-diagnosis or treatment. The main treatment is: Y {78} STEP 2 TAKING YOUR PERSONALITY INTO ACCOUNT What is challenging for a therapist is discerning the form of learning that each patient can best utilize and then working to adopt techniques that are best suited for the patient.... An important area of research is a way of detecting in a patient his optimal modes of learning. If we can pinpoint these, we can then more precisely determine the best means of therapeutic operation.[2] [2] Lewis R. Wolberg, _The Technique of Psychotherapy_, 2 vols. (New York: Grune & Stratton, 1977), vol. I, p. 271.