Black people -- Jamaica; Jamaica; Slavery -- Jamaica
Of course I am describing extreme cases. There were girls who were wooed
and won, as there were women, I expect, who never neglected their toilet
even when they were alone. But considering the climate, it was not
unnatural they should pass the day in a dressing-gown which has been
described as a sort of nightgown wrapped round them. In all the world
there are born slatterns, and I can easily imagine the women of those
first settlers drifting into very easy-going ways. In my own household
we two women wakened at dawn and stood on the porch in our nightgowns
wondering what the new day would bring. A nightgown and loose hair and
bare feet seemed the proper costume. It is not too cool when the fresh
morning air plays around you, it is quite enough when the heat of the
day is upon you. Jamaica calls for some loose and airy costume.
I have always been curious about the indentured white servants who were
brought to the plantations in the West Indies and America to do the work
of artisans and labourers, and I have been able to find little about
them.
The first were evidently those Irish sent out by Cromwell. And after
that beginning almost every ship brought its quota of servants, as they
called them, in contradistinction to the slaves.
“Scarce a ship arrives,” says Lesley, “but has passengers who design to
settle, and servants for sale. This is a constant supply and a necessary
one,” meaning that they considered the white race must die out unless
constantly renewed. Servants in those days were always aplenty.
Sometimes these servants were convicts, sometimes they were only
prisoners for debt, sometimes they were political prisoners, sometimes,
I am afraid, they had been kidnapped, and sometimes like a well-known
man, Sir William Morgan, they had sold themselves into slavery to get
away from a life in England grown intolerable. That any men should have
done so throws a sinister light on the life of many men in those times,
for if the life of a negro slave was hard--and God knows it must have
been--in no sense can it have approached the hardships of the lot of the
white bondservant.
“Another ship brought in a multitude of half-starved creatures,” writes
Lesley on another occasion, “that seemed like so many skeletons. Misery
appeared in their looks, and one might read the effects of sea tyranny
by their wild and dejected countenances. 'Tis horrid to relate the
barbarities they complained of. A word or a wrong look was constru'd a
design to Mutiny, and Hunger, Handcuffs and the Cat o' Nine Tails was
immediately the punishment.” True, he adds, “'tis only aboard a few
vessels such cruelties are practised.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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