White House gossip : $b from Andrew Johnson to Calvin CoolidgeColman, Edna M. (Edna Mary)
History
White House gossip : $b from Andrew Johnson to Calvin Coolidge
Colman, Edna M. (Edna Mary)
Presidents -- United States -- Biography; Washington (D.C.) -- Social life and customs; White House (Washington, D.C.)
The prevalence of hard times and the growing numbers of unemployed
brought to pass the assembling of “armies” in all parts of the country.
The first of these aggregations of unemployed, led by a horse dealer
named Coxey, set out for Washington from Ohio to demand relief from the
government. Other armies with the same object started from the Western
Coast states and from Texas, numbering in all about six thousand men.
Many of them were honest and sincerely desired work. Others were toughs
who joined for a lark and followed what seemed to promise adventure.
Still others were plain everyday tramps and loafers and criminals. They
begged for food, and when it was not forthcoming they foraged; and when
they grew tired of marching, they simply boarded trains and rode. Coxey
reached Washington, mounted the steps of the Capitol, made addresses,
and hung around the city for a while. His “army” camped near by from
April 26 to May 1, 1894. Its presence necessitated the increasing of
the White House Guard from twelve to twenty-six men. As long as no open
act of lawlessness and disorder was committed, Coxey and his followers
were unmolested; they wearied of their futile task and disbanded
without accomplishing anything.
Soon afterward, in the city of Chicago, a strike occurred. Two thousand
workmen employed by the Pullman Car Company decided they must have
higher wages. Men on some of the Western roads also struck out of
sympathy for the Pullman workers, deciding they would not work to help
in the use or operation of the trains until the Pullman workers got
their desired raise. They carried the determined stand so far that, for
a time, not a train was running between San Francisco and Chicago.
On June 28th, the American Railway Union, directed by Eugene Debs,
declared a boycott on all Pullman cars, thereby tying up all railroads
west of Chicago hauling these cars. The next day, the United States
Court at Chicago issued an injunction against the strikers, as the
mails were prevented from proceeding. When it was brought to the
President’s attention that the governor of the State of Illinois either
could not or would not take steps to break the strike, he made the
cryptic statement, “I will call out the whole army, if necessary, to
deliver a postcard.”
Those who knew President Cleveland and his unfaltering determination in
the pursuit of duty were satisfied that he would bring the strike to an
end.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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