White Slaves; or, the Oppression of the Worthy PoorBanks, Louis Albert
History
White Slaves; or, the Oppression of the Worthy Poor
Banks, Louis Albert
Poor -- Massachusetts -- Boston; Sweatshops; Working class -- Massachusetts -- Boston
The _Boston Evening Record,_ of September 29, 1890, speaks as follows
of Boston sweating: "The shops are scattered all over the city proper,
and a visit to one is a visit to all. The cheapest shop in the city is
on lower Hanover Street. The work is done in a square, low-studded room
about twenty-four feet square. Within this space are sixteen women and
three men at work. There are also half a dozen sewing-machines, a large
stove (kept in full blast to heat the flat-irons, necessary at every
stage of clothing manufacture), two pressing-machines, and piles of
unfinished clothing. Two windows illumine the room, furnishing light
for the nineteen workers. Working hours are from seven A. M. to six P.
M., with no clipping of time at either end of the day. The proprietor
is a Hebrew. One of the operatives thus describes the life: 'We make
from two dollars and a half to four dollars a week, depending on how
strong we are, but none of us can make the last figure very long. The
air is bad, and the room is kept too hot. In the warm, summer days the
heat was something awful. Every little while there is a cut-down, and
about once in so often the boss fails, and leaves the girls in the
lurch about their pay.
"'Another bad thing is the "sample" game. A small lot of garments are
brought in, which, we are told, must be made up very carefully. We are
made to rip, and do work over, to suit the notions of the big firms,
who want the garments to send out on the road. It takes twice as long
to make such a coat, but we get no more for it. Of course the game is
played on us when the coats are not really samples. If we accidentally
scorch the cloth a little, in pressing, we have to pay for that.'"
An officer of the Operatives' Union puts the number of sweat-shops in
Boston at one hundred and fifty, but this does not include the smaller
tenement-house shops that are beginning to develop here very rapidly.
I have, myself, visited a number of these shops during the past few
weeks. I will describe a few of them very briefly. Here is one in two
rooms. There is no light except from the end of the room, which
contains twenty-three people, men, women, and little girls. I am
satisfied that some of the girls could not have been more than twelve
or thirteen. One of the women had a little baby which, though almost
entirely naked, was crying from the heat and poisonous air. The place
did not look as if it had been swept for weeks. The clothing, both
finished and unfinished, was piled up in every direction, and workers
walked over it with their sweaty feet, for they wore only such clothing
as was absolutely indispensable. The stench of the place was sickening
in the extreme.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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