The physiological process of digestion is rather elaborate, and,
fortunately for us, somewhat elastic. It is not a question entirely of
certain substances in a test-tube exposed to certain digestive agents.
This, of course, is the foundation, the basic process, but there is
much variation in the nature of the food, in the external conditions of
season, of heat and cold, of youth and age, of greater or less physical
or mental demands on the food digested, and lastly on the supplies of
saliva, of pepsin, of hydrochloric acid and of duodenal and pancreatic
secretions. These are all under the control of the autonomous nervous
system, which in the stresses of life often breaks down and fails to
function properly. In the full tide of youthful energy our digestions
seem to respond effectually to many and unreasonable demands, but
this is more apparent than real; the bills may be a long time before
they are sent in, but they come. The recuperative power of youth is
marvellous, but probably never quite complete. After forty years of
age it fails more and more, and then bills come in more quickly, while
in old age it becomes almost a question of cash on delivery. Realizing
this we should, in our own interests, treat our digestive apparatus
with deep respect, and not with the scant courtesy we generally show,
for on its faithful working depend our life, our health, our happiness
and our powers of work. The farmer in his feeding of cattle, the head
of a racing stable in his feeding and training of horses is far more
scientific and wise than we and most other men are in the management
of ourselves. This is why we end our days so often prematurely, or in
paralysis and pain.
To go into actual details of diet is a thankless task, and not very
helpful to the mass of men; it is better, I think, to point out
directions only. If there are symptoms of hyperpiesis, the chief object
is to arrange a diet that contains a minimum of protein (especially of
animal protein) compatible with life and energy. Most of such cases are
leading a life of no great physical strain and will do well on a diet
calculated in calories, that contains:
Protein 90
Fat 75
Carbohydrate 330 = Calories 2,400.
If this is insufficient, add to the fat or carbohydrate rather than to
the protein.
The following tables from Dr. Sprigg’s excellent work classify the
common foods according as their energy production is due to protein,
carbohydrate or fat. It will be noticed that milk is the only food
in the lists which contains a good proportion of all three. Cheese,
Brazil nuts and bread contain a fair proportion of at least two of the
requisite food-stuffs.
If we take, for instance, the figures of lean beef in the first and
second column, viz.:
Lean beef 90 + 10 we get its value
Chicken 79 + 21 we get its value
Bread 13 + 6 + 81 we get its value
Cheese 25 + 73 + 2 we get its value
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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