(9) What educational motives are most effective as a means of enhancement of the love of music? (10) What is the nature of musical ecstasy? Discuss These True Situations (1) The typical "house" for the season's performance of the symphony orchestra is arrayed in festive attire and poses in attentive and festive mood. Make an estimate of the relative proportion of the audience there (a) to see and be seen, (b) to perform a social obligation, (c) to satisfy curiosity, (d) to learn something about music, (e) to thoroughly enjoy the orchestral music. (2) A primitive savage lives close to nature and observes sounds produced by man and beast, by wind and sea. May he feel musical affection for these sounds apart from their utility and apart from knowledge of man-made music? (3) In an aristocratic family there are four children, all manifestly lacking in musical talent, but intelligent and co-operative in education. They are all given excellent advantages of musical education and environment and pursue them as a matter of course. Are they likely to come into a warm love of music? (4) It has been observed that when one listens to very beautiful music he tends to swallow saliva by gulps, as the young lover does in a state of infatuation; and that when he hears vile music, there is a tendency to want to spit. In other words, there are two ways of disposing of saliva under emotion: Attraction, indicated by swallowing; and repulsion, indicated by feeling the need of spitting. Can you verify that? Chapter II MUSIC BEFORE THE AGE OF SIX The psychology of music and the psychology of the child are giving us new vital conceptions of the nature and role of music in child life. To understand this fully is to understand adequately the nature of the child mind and the nature of music. _From smile to music._ All mental development begins with some inherited form of behavior and gradually differentiates into richer and richer meanings and forms of expression. The taproot of all music is the smile. This in its first appearance is a pure reflex, expressing the well-being of the organism. Observe some typical steps in its history in high lights. When the infant has had its fill from its mother's breast, its head falls back and the mouth puckers as a result of withdrawal from the nipple. The mother looks at this and says to herself, "He is satisfied." The child has thus acquired one means of communication--the expression of well-being. This rapidly radiates into many situations. When the infant is patted on the back, is bathed, is rocked in the arms, or feels the waft of comfortable air, the same puckering of the mouth seems to convey to the mother a sign of well-being, and the meaning of this puckering is thus enriched.