Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
It is said that an old horse near to death turns towards the pastures
where he was foaled. It is true of human beings. Man wanders home to the
fields which bred him. A part of the romance of this poem is the turning
back of the poet's mind to the Cotswold country, of which he sang so
magically, in his first play, sixteen or eighteen years before. There
are fine scenes of shepherds at home, among the sheep bells and clean
wind. There is a very lovely talk of flowers--
"daffodils,
That come before the swallow dares, and take
The winds of March with beauty; violets dim,
But sweeter than the lids of Juno's eyes
Or Cytherea's breath; pale primroses,
That die unmarried, ere they can behold
Bright Phoebus in his strength."
To Shakespeare, the magically happy man, the going back to them must
have been a time for thanksgiving. But to the supremely happy man all
times are times of thanksgiving, deep, tranquil and abundant, for the
delight, the majesty and the beauty of the fulness of the rolling world.
_The Tempest._
_Written._ 1610-11.
_Published_, in the folio, 1623.
_Source of the Plot._ It is likely that many sources contributed to
the making of this plot. If Shakespeare took the fable from a
single source, that source is not now known. He may have taken
suggestions for it from the following books:--
1st. From a little collection of novels by Antonio de Eslava, a
Spanish writer, whose book, _Noches de Invierno_, was published in
Barcelona in 1609. Three tales in this collection seem to have
given hints for the play. The fourth chapter, about "The Art Magic
of King Dardano," helped him more than the others. Whether the
title of the book suggested the title of _A Winter's Tale_ is not
known.
2nd. From a German play, _Die schoene Sidea_, by a Nuremberg
dramatist, named Jacob Ayrer.
3rd. From the tracts relating to the discovery of the Bermuda
Islands in 1609. Of the known tracts, _A Discovery of the Bermuda
Islands_, by Sylvester Jourdain, gave Shakespeare the most hints.
Several other books may have suggested lines and passages.
_The Fable._ Prospero, Duke of Milan, having been driven from his
dukedom by Antonio his brother, flies to sea with his daughter
Miranda, lands on an island, and there lives, served by two
creatures, one an airy spirit, the other a loutish monster.
By art magic, he brings to the island his usurping brother and the
king and heir of Naples. Miranda falls in love with the heir of
Naples. Prospero dismisses his spirits, reconciles himself with his
brother, and plans to sail at once for Milan.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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