William Shakespeare: A Critical StudyBrandes, Georg
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William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Brandes, Georg
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
The number of players in a company was not great--not more, as a rule,
than eight or ten; never, probably, above twelve. The players were of
different grades. The lowest were the so-called hirelings, who received
wages from the others and were in some sense their servants. They
appeared as supernumeraries or in small speaking parts, and had nothing
to do with the management of the theatre. The actors, properly so called,
differed in standing according as they shared in the receipts only as
actors, or were entitled to a further share as part-proprietors of the
theatre. There was no manager. The actors themselves decided what plays
should be performed, distributed the parts, and divided the receipts
according to an established scale. The most advantageous position, of
course, was that of a shareholder in the theatre; for half of the gross
receipts went to the shareholders, who provided the costumes and paid
the wages of the hirelings.
Shakespeare's comparatively early rise to affluence can be accounted
for only by assuming that, in his dual capacity as poet and player, he
must quickly have become a shareholder in the theatre.
As an actor he does not seem to have attained the highest
eminence--fortunately, for if he had, he would probably have found
very little time for writing. The parts he played appear to have been
dignified characters of the second order; for there is no evidence
that he was anything of a comedian. We know that he played the Ghost
in _Hamlet_--a part of no great length, it is true, but of the first
importance. It is probable, too, that he played old Adam in _As You
Like It_, and pretty certain that he played old Knowell in Ben Jonson's
_Every Man in His Humour_. It may possibly be in the costume of Knowell
that he is represented in the well-known Droeshout portrait at the
beginning of the First Folio. Tradition relates that he once played his
own Henry IV. at court, and that the Queen, in passing over the stage,
dropped her glove as a token of her favour, whereupon Shakespeare
handed it back to her with the words:--
"And though now bent on this high embassy,
Yet stoop we to take up our cousin's glove."
In all lists of the players belonging to his company he is named among
the first and most important.
Not least among the marvels connected with his genius is the fact
that, with all his other occupations, he found time to write so much.
His mornings would be given to rehearsals, his afternoons to the
performances; he would have to read, revise, accept or reject a great
number of plays; and he often passed his evenings either at the Mermaid
Club or at some tavern; yet for eighteen years on end he managed to
write, on an average, two plays a year--and such plays!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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