William Shakespeare: A Critical StudyBrandes, Georg
General
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Brandes, Georg
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
In the year 1578 John Shakespeare mortgaged his wife's property,
Asbies, for a sum of £40, which he seems to have engaged to repay
within two years, though this he himself denied. In the same year the
Town Council agrees that he shall be required to pay only one-half of
a tax (6s. 8d. in all) for the equipment of soldiers, and absolves him
altogether from payment of a poor-rate levied on the other Aldermen.
In the following year he cannot pay even his half of the pikemen-tax.
In 1579 he sold the reversion of a piece of land falling to him on
his mother-in-law's death. In the following year he wanted to pay off
the mortgage on Asbies; but the mortgagee, a certain Edmund Lambert,
declined to receive the money, for the reason, or under the pretext,
that it had not been tendered within the stipulated time, and that
Shakespeare had, moreover, borrowed other sums of him. In the course of
the consequent lawsuit, John Shakespeare described himself as a person
of "small wealthe, and verey fewe frends and alyance in the countie."
The result of this lawsuit is unknown, but it seems as though the
father, and the son after him, took it much to heart, and felt that a
great injustice had been done them. In the Induction to _The Taming
of the Shrew_, Christopher Sly calls himself "Old Sly's son of Burton
Heath." But Barton-on-the-Heath was precisely the place where lived
Edmund Lambert and his son John, who, after his death in 1587, carried
on the litigation. And this utterance of the chief character in the
Induction is, significantly enough, one of the few which Shakespeare
added to the Induction to the old play he was here adapting.
From this time forward John Shakespeare's position goes from bad to
worse. In the year 1586, when his son was probably already in London,
his goods are distrained upon, and no fewer than three warrants are
issued for his arrest; he seems for a time to have been imprisoned
for debt. He is removed from his position as Alderman because he
has not for a long time attended the meetings at the Guildhall. He
probably dared not put in an appearance for fear of being arrested
by his creditors. He seems to have lost a considerable sum of money
by standing surety for his brother Henry. There was, moreover, a
commercial crisis in Stratford. The cloth and yarn trade, in which most
of the citizens were engaged, had become much less remunerative than
before.
We find evidence of the painful position in which John Shakespeare
remained so late as the year 1592, in Sir Thomas Lucy's report with
reference to the inhabitants of Stratford who did not obey her
Majesty's order that they should attend church once a month. He is
mentioned as one of those who "coom not to Churche for fear of processe
for debtte."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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