William Shakespeare: A Critical StudyBrandes, Georg
General
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Brandes, Georg
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
The allusion to Shakespeare's name is unequivocal, and the words about
the tiger's heart point to the outburst, "Oh Tyger's hart wrapt in a
serpents hide!" which is found in two places: first in the play called
_The True Tragedie of Richard Duke of Yorke, and the Death of the
good King Henrie the Sixt_, and then (with "womans" substituted for
"serpents"), in the third part of _King Henry VI_., founded on the
_True Tragedie_, and attributed to Shakespeare. It is preposterous to
interpret this passage as an attack upon Shakespeare in his quality as
an actor; Greene's words, beyond all doubt, convey an accusation of
literary dishonesty. Everything points to the belief that Greene and
Marlowe had collaborated in the older play, and that the former saw
with disgust the success achieved by Shakespeare's adaptation of their
text.
But that Shakespeare was already highly respected, and that the attack
aroused general indignation, is proved by the apology put forth in
December 1592 by Henry Chettle, who had published Greene's pamphlet.
In the preface to his _Kind-harts Dreame_ he expressly deplores his
indiscretion with regard to Shakespeare:--
"I am as sory as if the originall fault had beene my fault,
because my selfe haue seene his demeanor no lesse ciuill
than he exelent in the qualitie he professes. Besides,
diuers of worship haue reported his vprightnes of dealing,
which argues his honesty, and his facetious grace in
writing, that aprooues his Art."
We see, then, that the company to which Shakespeare had attached
himself, and in which he had already attracted notice as a promising
poet, employed him to revise and furbish up the older pieces of their
repertory. The theatrical announcements of the period would show us,
even if we had no other evidence, that it was a constant practice to
recast old plays, in order to heighten their powers of attraction. It
is announced, for instance, that such-and-such a play will be acted
as it was last presented before her Majesty, or before this or that
nobleman. Poets sold their works outright to the theatre for such sums
as five or ten pounds, or for a share in the receipts. As the interests
of the theatre demanded that plays should not be printed, in order that
rival companies might not obtain possession of them, they remained in
manuscript (unless pirated), and the players could accordingly do what
they pleased with the text.
None the less, of course, was the older poet apt to resent the
re-touches made by the younger, as we see from this outburst of
Greene's, and probably, too, from Ben Jonson's epigram, _On Poet-Ape_,
even though this cannot, with any show of reason, be applied to
Shakespeare.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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