William Shakespeare: A Critical StudyBrandes, Georg
General
William Shakespeare: A Critical Study
Brandes, Georg
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616 -- Criticism and interpretation
These admissions made, however, there is on the whole no difficulty in
distinguishing the work of other hands in the old texts. We can enjoy,
point by point, not only Shakespeare's superiority, but his peculiar
style, as we here find it in the very process of development; and we
can study his whole method of work in the text which he ultimately
produces.
We have here an almost unique opportunity of observing him in the
character of a critical artist. We see what improvements he makes
by a trivial retouch, or a mere rearrangement of words. Thus, when
Gloucester says of his wife (Part. II., Act ii. 4)--
"Uneath may she endure the flinty streets,
To tread them with her tender-feeling feet,"
all his sympathy speaks in these words. In the old text it is she
who says this of herself. In York's great soliloquy in the first
act, beginning "Anjou and Maine are given to the French," the first
twenty-four lines are Shakespeare's; the rest belong to the old text.
From the second "Anjou and Maine" onwards, the verse is conventional
and monotonous; the meaning ends with the end of each line, and a
pause, as it were, ensues; whereas the verse of the opening passage is
full of dramatic movement, life, and fire.
Again, if we turn to York's soliloquy in the third act (sc. I)--
"Now, York, or never, steel thy fearful thoughts,"
and compare it in the two texts, we find their metrical differences
so marked that, as Miss Lee has happily put it, the critic can no
more doubt that the first version belongs to an earlier stage in the
development of dramatic poetry, than the geologist can doubt that a
stratum which contains simpler organisms indicates an earlier stage of
the earth's development than one containing higher forms of organic
life. There are portions of the Second Part which no one can believe
that Shakespeare wrote, such as the old-fashioned fooling with Simpcox,
which is quite in the manner of Greene. There are others which, without
being unworthy of Shakespeare, not only indicate Marlowe in their
general style, but are now and then mere variations of verses known to
be his. Such, for example, is Margaret's line in Part III., Act i.:--
"Stern Faulconbridge commands the narrow seas,"
which clearly echoes the line in Marlowe's _Edward II._:--
"The haughty Dane commands the narrow street."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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