Windmills, Picturesque and Historic: The Motors of the Past — John Shaqi
Windmills, Picturesque and Historic: The Motors of the PastShelton, F. H.
Philosophy
Windmills, Picturesque and Historic: The Motors of the Past
Shelton, F. H.
Windmills -- History
For picturesqueness, however, no country surpasses old France. There the
mills are small; the huge, towering structure of the Dutch and English
is unknown. But one can find many of great antiquity, great variety of
form and of great charm. The type seems to be the true cylindrical
tower--not tapering--with the cone top. In the racetrack at Longchamps,
near Paris, is an instance, while on the golf course at St. Lunaire,
overlooking the sea coast, on the Channel, as in innumerable other
places in the northern part of France, these little sentries of the past
can be found. Picturesque as they are, however, they are not yet as much
so as even an older and cruder form suggesting an old blockhouse. For
above the stone first story is an overhanging wood second story, as so
well instanced at St. Briac. And in the Loire valley are the very unique
hybrid mills with the folding boards vane arrangement, already referred
to, which at Saumur date back to 1682, as doubtless do the others of
that not-to-be-found-elsewhere form.
[Illustration: Turret post-mill. South of England.]
Of old post mills of the usual wood form France has plenty, of which the
one on top of Montmartre, in the Moulin de la Galette grounds, is
perhaps the most prominent. It is one of the two or three remaining that
were part of a dozen or more that crowned that hill in the early days,
as shown in several views of old Paris. What changes it has seen in its
600 years of accredited age! In its timbers are shot and balls of the
revolutions of 1814 and 1871. Within are the old bells and bunks and
shrines of the generations of millers who operated it, one of whom is
said to have been killed and quartered and hung on the four arms of his
own mill by the successful assailants. In the same premises is a dear
little miniature mill, which, with diminutive stones of but 18 or 20
inches in diameter, was used for grinding spices, in place of the usual
grain for bread.
[Illustration: Tower mill and tail beam. St. Lunaire, France.]
In Belgium we find, in the main, the post and tower mills of Holland
and the Netherlands; while in Germany, as well, the similarity to the
Dutch mills is the only or chief characteristic. In Denmark and Sweden
and in Iceland are the usual mills of this section, excepting that their
octagonal, typical squatty grist mill nearly always has the Turk’s head
top instead of the irregular shape of Holland and Germany. And so
pronounced is that that in Lawrence, Kan., where a mill was erected in
1858, with a Swedish top, inquiry develops that it was by Swedish
emigrants. Iceland can claim probably the most northern mill ever
erected, for in Reykiavik, a little isolated town of about 3000
inhabitants, we find an old mill, probably the first and only motor in
the early days in Iceland.
[Illustration: Tower mill; double sweeps. St. Briac, France.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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