Wit and its relation to the unconsciousFreud, Sigmund
Science
Wit and its relation to the unconscious
Freud, Sigmund
Subconsciousness; Wit and humor -- Psychological aspects
This last contribution, the explanation of wit-work in the first person,
though still hypothetical, strictly speaking, ends our interest in wit.
There still remains a short comparison of wit to the more familiar dream
and we may expect that, outside of the one agreement already considered,
two such diverse mental activities should show nothing but differences.
The most important difference lies in their social behavior. The dream
is a perfectly asocial psychic product. It has nothing to tell to anyone
else, having originated in an individual as a compromise between
conflicting psychic forces it remains incomprehensible to the person
himself and has therefore altogether no interest for anybody else. Not
only does the dream find it unnecessary to place any value on
intelligibleness, but it must even guard against being understood, as it
would then be destroyed; it can only exist in disguised form. For this
reason the dream may make use freely of the mechanism that controls
unconscious thought processes to the extent of producing undecipherable
disfigurements. Wit, on the other hand, is the most social of all those
psychic functions whose aim is to gain pleasure. It often requires three
persons, and the psychic process which it incites always requires the
participation of at least one other person. It must therefore bind
itself to the condition of intelligibleness; it may employ disfigurement
made practicable in the unconscious through condensation and
displacement, to no greater extent than can be deciphered by the
intelligence of the third person. As for the rest, wit and dreams have
developed in altogether different spheres of the psychic life, and are
to be classed under widely separated categories of the psychological
system. No matter how concealed the dream is still a wish, while wit is
a developed play. Despite its apparent unreality the dream retains its
relation to the great interests of life; it seeks to supply what is
lacking through a regressive detour of hallucinations; and it owes its
existence solely to the strong need for sleep during the night. Wit, on
the other hand, seeks to draw a small amount of pleasure from the free
and unencumbered activities of our psychic apparatus, and later to seize
this pleasure as an incidental gain. It thus _secondarily_ reaches to
important functions relative to the outer world. The dream serves
preponderately to guard from pain while wit serves to acquire pleasure;
in these two aims all our psychic activities meet.
VII
WIT AND THE VARIOUS FORMS OF THE COMIC
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