Wit and its relation to the unconsciousFreud, Sigmund
Science
Wit and its relation to the unconscious
Freud, Sigmund
Subconsciousness; Wit and humor -- Psychological aspects
_“How goes it?” asked the blind of the lame one. “As you see,” replied
the lame one to the blind._
Language is replete with words which taken in one sense are full of
meaning and in another are colorless. There may be two different
derivatives from the same root, one of which may develop into a word
with a full meaning while the other may become a colorless suffix or
prefix, and yet both may have the same sound. The similarity of sound
between a word having full meaning and one whose meaning is colorless
may also be accidental. In both cases the technique of wit can make use
of such relationship of the speech material. The following examples
illustrate some of these points.
“_Do you call a man kind who remits nothing to his family while away?_”
asked an actor. “_Call that kindness?_” “_Yes, unremitting kindness_,”
was the reply of Douglas Jerrold. The wit here depends on the first
syllable _un_ of the word _unremitting_. Un is usually a prefix denoting
“not,” but by adding it to “remitting” a new relationship is
unexpectedly established which changes the meaning of the context. “_An
undertaker is one who always carries out what he undertakes._” The
striking character upon which the wit here depends is the manifold
application of the words _undertaker_ and _carry out_. Undertaker
commonly denotes one who manages funerals. Only when taken in this sense
and using the words _carry out_ literally is the sentence witty. The wit
lies in the manifold application of the same words.
_Double Meaning and Play on Words_
If we delve more deeply into the variety of “manifold application” of
the same word we suddenly notice that we are confronted with forms of
“double meaning” or “plays on words” which have been known a long time
and which are universally acknowledged as belonging to the technique of
wit. Then why have we bothered our brains about discovering something
new when we could just as well have gleaned it from the most superficial
treatise on wit? We can say in self-defense only that we are presenting
another side of the same phenomena of verbal expressions. What the
authors call the “playful” character of wit we treat from the point of
view of “manifold application.”
Further examples of manifold application which may also be designated
under a new and third group, the class of double meaning, may be divided
into subdivisions. These, to be sure, are not essentially differentiated
from one another any more than the whole third group from the second. In
the first place we have:
(a) Cases of double meaning of a name and its verbal significance: e.g.,
“_Discharge thyself of our company, Pistol_” (_Henry IV_, Act II). “_For
Suffolk’s duke may he suffocate_” (_Henry IV_, Act I). Heine says,
“_Here in Hamburg rules not the rascally Macbeth, but Banko_ (Banquo).”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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