Of 4,833,630 women employed in gainful occupations aged 16 years and more, 3,143,712 were single, 769,477 were married, 857,005 were widowed, 63,436 were divorced. The American report says: “The increase in the percentage of persons gainfully employed was greatest for the married women, since it was by one-fourth greater in 1900 than in 1890. In 1890 there was only one married working woman among 22; in 1900 there was one among 18.” The number of widowed and divorced women is very great, both relatively and actually. In 1900 among 2,721,438 widowed women 857,005 = 31.5 were earning their living, and among divorced women the percentage was still greater. Of 114,935, these 49 per cent. were earning their own living in 1890 and 55.3 per cent. in 1900. Thus more women became self-supporting each year. Among the 303 occupations in which women are employed there are: 79 with less than 100 women 59 “ “ “ 100 to 500 “ 31 “ “ “ 500 to 1000 “ 125 “ more “ 1000 “ 63 “ “ “ 5000 “ Among 100 persons from 16 years up we find the following wage-scale: Men Women Less than 7 dollars 18 Less than 7 dollars ~66.3~ 7 to 9 dollars 15.4 7 to 9 dollars 19.6 9 to 20 dollars ~60.6~ 9 to 15 dollars 13.2 20 to 25 dollars 4.8 15 to 20 dollars 0.8 More than 25 dollars 2 20 to 25 dollars 0.1 ------ ------ Average weekly wage $11.16 $6.17 We see that 60.6 per cent. of the men earn more than $9, while only 13.2 per cent. of the women earn more than $9, and more than two-thirds (66.3 per cent.) earn less than $7.[133] The average weekly wage for men is $11.16; the average weekly wage for women $6.17, almost half of the man’s wages. Among government employes the difference is equally great. Among 185,874 persons engaged in civil service there were 172,053 men = 92.6 per cent., and 13,821 women--7.4 per cent. In the District of Columbia, the seat of the national administration, the percentage of female labor amounts to 29 per cent. And yet 47.2 per cent. of the women earn less than $720, while only 16.7 per cent. of the men earn less than $720.[134] In France, according to the census of 1901, the laboring population amounted to 19,715,075 persons, 12,910,565 men and 6,804,510 women. They are distributed among various trades as follows: Men. Per Cent. Women. Per Cent. Agriculture 5,517,617 72 2,658,952 28 Commerce 1,132,621 65 689,999 35 Dom’tic service 223,861 23 791,176 77 Learned prof. 226,561 67 173,278 33 Industry 3,695,213 63.5 2,124,642 36.5