Here we see that the number of women gainfully employed has grown from 3,914,571 in 1890 to 5,319,397 in 1900. It has increased more rapidly than the population which increased from 62,622,250 persons in 1890 to 76,303,387 in 1900; only by 21 per cent. In the same inexorable way the number of employed men is decreasing, since they are being displaced by women. Now for 100 persons gainfully employed there are 18.8 women, while in 1880 there were not more than 14.7 per cent. Of 312 occupations there are only 9 in which no women are employed. According to the census of 1900, we even find among them 5 pilots, 45 engineers and firemen, 185 blacksmiths, 508 machinists, 11 well-borers, 8 boilermakers. “Of course these figures are not of great sociological importance, but they show that there are very few occupations from which women are absolutely excluded, either by their natural capacity or by law.”[132] Women are especially numerous in the following occupations: Servants and waitresses, 1,213,828; dressmaking, 338,144; farm labor, 497,886; laundresses, 332,665; teachers, 327,905; independent farmers, 307,788; textile workers, 231,458; housekeepers, 147,103; salesladies, 146,265; seamstresses, 138,724; nurses and midwives, 108,691; unqualified trades, 106,916. In these 12 occupations 3,583,333 = 74.1 per cent. of all bread-earning women have been counted. Besides there are 85,086 stenographers; 82,936 milliners; 81,000 clerks; 72,896 bookkeepers, etc., together 19 occupations, comprising over 50,000 women = 88.8 per cent. of all women breadwinners. Women predominate in the following trades: For every 100 persons employed. Manufacture of underwear Women 99.4 Men 0.6 Millinery “ 98.0 “ 2.0 Dressmaking “ 96.8 “ 3.2 Manufacture of collars “ 77.6 “ 22.4 Weaving “ 72.8 “ 27.2 Manufacture of gloves “ 62.6 “ 37.4 Bookbinding “ 50.5 “ 49.5 Textile trades “ 50.0 “ 50.0 Housekeeping “ 94.7 “ 5.3 Nursing “ 89.9 “ 10.1 Laundry work “ 86.8 “ 13.2 Domestic service “ 81.9 “ 18.1 Boarding “ 83.4 “ 16.6 Stenographers “ 76.7 “ 23.3 Teachers “ 73.4 “ 26.6 Music teachers “ 56.9 “ 43.1