WOMAN; HER POSITION AND INFLUENCE IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME, AND AMONG THE EARLY CHRISTIANS. _BY THE SAME AUTHOR_ THE WESTMINSTER CONFESSION OF FAITH AND THE THIRTY-NINE ARTICLES OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND: _THE LEGAL, MORAL, AND RELIGIOUS ASPECTS OF SUBSCRIPTION TO THEM_ Crown 3_s._ 6_d._ net LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. LONDON, NEW YORK, BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA WOMAN; _HER POSITION AND INFLUENCE IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME, AND AMONG THE EARLY CHRISTIANS_ BY JAMES DONALDSON, M.A. LL.D. _Principal of the University of St. Andrews_ LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO. 39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON NEW YORK, BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA 1907 _All rights reserved_ PREFACE. The first three books of this work and a part of the fourth are a reprint of the following five articles from the _Contemporary Review_, and of a portion of the sixth, with the kind consent of the Editor. 1. The Position and Influence of Women in Ancient Greece.--_Contemporary Review_, July, 1878. 2. The Position and Influence of Women in Ancient Athens.--_Contemporary Review_, March, 1879. 3. The Position of Women in Ancient Rome.--_Contemporary Review_, May, 1888. 4. The Position of Women in Ancient Rome.--_Contemporary Review_, October, 1888. 5. The Position of Women among the Early Christians.--_Contemporary Review_, September, 1889. 6. The Characters of Plautus.--_Contemporary Review_, November, 1877. All the articles have been carefully revised and various additions have been inserted in them. The fourth book contains discussions of some important questions bearing on the subject of the work, which are printed for the first time. I am indebted to Mr. John Randall for the preparation of the Index. CONTENTS. BOOK I. THE POSITION AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT GREECE. CHAP. PAGE I. PRELIMINARY 1 II. HOMERIC WOMEN 11 III. THE SPARTAN WOMEN 24 IV. SAPPHO 42 V. ATHENIAN WOMEN 49