Clara (Weick) Schumann Frontispiece Eleanor of Aquitaine 50 Richard and Cosima Wagner 88 Marie Wieck 91 Marie Antoinette 114 Sybil Sanderson 130 Maggie Okey 144 Louisa Adolpha Lebeau 164 Adele Aus der Ohe 171 Cecile-Louise-Stephanie Chaminade 174 Augusta Mary Ann Holmes 178 Mrs. H. H. A. Beach 196 Julia Rive-King 204 Ingeborg von Bronsart 220 Teresa Carreno 232 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- WOMAN'S WORK IN MUSIC CHAPTER I. ANCIENT AND MYTHICAL The Church of Rome, though admitting no women to a share in performing its services, has yet made a woman the patron saint of music. The religions of antiquity have paid even more homage to the weaker sex in the matter, as the multitude of musical nymphs and fostering goddesses will show. Of Saint Cecilia herself little is known accurately. The very apocryphal legend states that about the year 230 a noble Roman lady of that name, who had been converted to Christianity, was forced into an unwilling marriage with a certain Valerian, a pagan. She succeeded in converting her husband and his brother, but all were martyred because of their faith. This it is stated, took place under the Prefect Almacus, but history gives no such name. It is unfortunate, also, that the earliest writer mentioning her, Fortunatus, Bishop of Poitiers, speaks of her as having died in Sicily between the years 176 and 180. It is doubtful whether she would have been known at all, in connection with the art, but for a passing phrase in her story, which relates that she often united instrumental music to that of her voice in sounding the praises of the Lord. Because of these few words, she is famed throughout musical Christendom, half the musical societies in Europe are named after her, and Raphael's picture, Dryden's ode, Stefano Maderno's statue, and a hundred other great art works have come into existence.