Women and economic evolution: or, The effects of industrial changes upon the status of womenMcMahon, Theresa Schmid
History
Women and economic evolution: or, The effects of industrial changes upon the status of women
McMahon, Theresa Schmid
Thesis (Ph. D.); Women -- Employment; Women -- Social and moral questions; Women -- Social conditions
The conservative elements of a society are not the ones to venture into
a new country. They remain at home and cherish traditions and customs
which color all their thinking. The radical elements in society are the
ones to venture to the frontiers and to colonize the new sections of
a country. Democracy characterizes their government and individualism
their financial undertakings. Hence it is not surprising that the five
American states offering women the same political privileges as men are
the newly settled states where class lines are so lax as to be almost
non-existent, and where the struggle between capital and labor shows
more nearly an equilibrium of forces than in the older settled states.
In the western states the number of women engaged in industrial
employments outside the home is small when compared with the eastern
states. The total number of female breadwinners in Idaho, according to
the census report of 1900, was but 14.1 per cent of all the women in
the state; Colorado 18.8 per cent; Wyoming 20.8 per cent; and Utah 17.7
per cent. These figures present quite a striking contrast when compared
with New York where 49.2 per cent of all the women in the state are
breadwinners; New Jersey 46.5 per cent; and Pennsylvania 37.4 per
cent. These figures indicate that women enjoy political privileges in
the West irrespective of their economic conditions.
In many of the western states men outnumber women and most women are
married and at the head of households. The domestic system of industry
is more prevalent than in the large eastern cities, and in sparsely
settled communities; the family tends to be a close economic unit.
It is reasonable to suppose that the status of women in the West,
political, as well as social, is determined, not so much by economic
conditions directly, as by the breaking away from an old regime weighed
down by traditions and an economic condition favorable to a few.
The strongest opposition to the enfranchisement of women in the West
comes from the women who have no economic interests outside the home,
and practically no social ones. They are unconscious of any sexual
antagonism--and justly so, for the men are markedly indifferent
excepting those who feel women may take too deep an interest in
questions affecting certain businesses, such as the liquor interests.
It is not only newly settled countries which show a tendency to grant
women political rights, but countries where there is a complete change
in the governmental regime, either by the throwing off of the tyranny
of another country, or the tyranny of a class rule. At such a time
women help to create public sentiment and take active part in the
struggle to obtain liberty. Under such circumstances a demand for the
extension of the franchise, either for men or women is apt to meet with
approval along with other measures equally democratic.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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