[52] I owe the suggestion of a "cleft" (_Spalte_) in the woman-worker's career to Madame E. Gnauck-Kühne, who developed it in her book, _Die deutsche Frau_. Compare "Statistics of Women's Life and Employment," _Journal of the Statistical Society_, 1909. [53] Earnings and Hours Enquiry: Textile Industries, Cd. 4545, 1909; Clothing Trades, Cd. 4844, 1909. [54] Raised to 3-1/2d. on 19th July 1915. [55] _Elements of Statistics_, 2nd edition, pp. 37, 38, and 39. [56] 1,091,202 out of a total of 4,830,734. [57] _Women's Industrial News_, July 1912, p. 56; compare _The War, Women and Unemployment_, published by the Fabian Society. [58] This chapter was prepared during the first year and the early part of the second year of war. It is necessarily incomplete, as war is still raging; but it is hoped that a brief summary of the position of women-workers in war time, and of the expedients adopted to ease and improve it, may not be without interest. [59] Article by G. H. Carter, _Economic Journal_, March 1915; see also Notes in the _Women's Trades Union League Review_, January 1915. [60] Article by Jas. Haslam, _Englishwoman_, March 1915, and information given privately. [61] See article by C. Black in the _Common Cause_, February 12, 1915. [62] _Westminster Gazette_, October 16, 1914. [63] See a letter by Mr. A. J. Mundella, L.C.C., in the _School Child_ for December 1914. [64] _New Statesman_, November 7, 1914. [65] _Report on Outlets for Labour after the War_, British Association, Section F., Manchester, 1915. [66] See _The National Care of Maternity_, by Margaret Bondfield, published by the Women's Co-operative Guild. The proposals include the administration of Maternity Benefit by the Public Health authorities in lieu of the approved societies, the raising of maternity benefit to £5, and other changes. [67] B. Kirkman Gray, _History of Philanthropy_.