Young found women working in lead mines and earning as much as 1s. a day, a man earning 1s. 3d. In Birmingham trades, especially the making of buttons and other small articles, women were employed as far back as we can find any records. At Burslem, Young found women working in the potteries, earning 5s. to 8s. a week. Near Bristol he found women and girls employed in a copper works for melting copper ore, and making the metal into pins, pans, etc. At Gloucester he found great numbers of women working in the pin manufacture. In the Sheffield plated ware trade he found girls working, but does not mention women. Of the Sheffield trades generally he says that women and girls earn very good wages, "much more than by spinning wool in any part of the kingdom." It is unfortunate that we have, so far, very little information in regard to women's work in non-textile trades previous to the industrial revolution. It is tolerably safe to infer that the above scattered hints indicate a state of things neither new nor exceptional. There can be little doubt that women constantly worked in these trades, either assisting the head of the family, or as a wage-worker for an outside employer. But we know so little that we cannot attempt to enlarge on the subject. CHAPTER II. WOMEN AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. He! an die Arbeit! Alle von hinnen! Hurtig hinab! Aus den neuen Schachten schafft mir das Gold! Euch grüsst die Geissel, grabt ihr nicht rasch! Das keiner mir müssig bürge mir Mime, sonst birgt er sich schwer meines Armes Schwunge: * * * Zögert ihr noch? Zaudert wohl gar? Zittre und zage, gezähmtes Heer! WAGNER, _Das Rheingold_. The cotton trade is the industry most conspicuously identified with the series of complex changes that we call the Industrial Revolution. Its history before that period is comparatively unimportant; we have therefore left it over from the previous chapter to the present.