Produced by Thierry Alberto, William Flis, Rénald Lévesque and the Online Distributed Proofreaders Europe at http://dp.rastko.net. Transcriber's Note: The Table of Contents was added by the Transcriber. WOMAN IN ALL AGES AND IN ALL COUNTRIES WOMEN OF ENGLAND BY BARTLETT BURLEIGH JAMES, PH.D. OF WESTERN MARYLAND COLLEGE THE RITTENHOUSE PRESS PHILADELPHIA Copyrighted at Washington and entered at Stationers' Hall, London, 1907--1908 and Printed by arrangement with George Barrie's Sons. PRINTED IN U.S.A. CONTENTS PREFACE Chapter I. The Women of Prehistoric Britain Chapter II. The Women of Ancient Britain Chapter III. The Women of the Anglo-Saxons Chapter IV. The Women of the Anglo-Normans Chapter V. The Women of the Middle Ages Chapter VI. The Women of the Manors Chapter VII. The Women of the Monasteries Chapter VIII. The Women of the Industrial Classes Chapter IX. The Women of the Transition Period Chapter X. The Women of the Tudor Period Chapter XI. Women of the Commonwealth Period Chapter XII. The Women of the Restoration Period Chapter XIII. The Women of the Eighteenth Century Chapter XIV. The Women of the Nineteenth Century Chapter XV. The Women of Scotland and Ireland PREFACE It is no slight task to follow out the windings of a single thread in the infinite weave of society and by loosing it from the general mesh to show how dependent is the pattern of life and custom upon its presence. Such a task was presented in the endeavor to trace along from remotest times to the present day the influence of woman upon the life and character, the efforts and ideals, of that race which has come to be known as English, although this name may not properly be used until time has spun into the vista of the past peoples as vigorous, if not influential, as the one that stands, the inheritor of their virility, at the apex of modern civilization, whose women, clasping hands throughout the British Empire, form a splendid chain of hope for womankind in all the world.