Produced by Rénald Lévesque WOMAN VOLUME VII WOMEN OF MODERN FRANCE BY HUGO P. THIEME, Ph.D. Of the University of Michigan [Illustration 1: _MARGUERITE D'ANGOULÊME, QUEEN OF NAVARRE, READING THE_ HEPTAMERON _TO HER BROTHER, FRANCIS I. After the painting by Léon Olivie_ _In the_ Heptameron _we have an accurate representation of society, its manners and style of conversation; in it we find, also remnants of the brutality and grossness of the Middle Ages, as well as reflections of the higher tendencies and aspirations of the later time. In having a thorough knowledge of the tricks, deceits, and follies of the professional lovers of the day, and of their object in courting women, Marguerite was able to warn her contemporaries and thus guard them against immorality and its dangers. In her works she upheld the purity of ideal love, exposing the questionable and selfish designs of the clever professional seducers._] _Woman_ In all ages and in all countries WOMEN OF MODERN FRANCE by HUGO P. THIEME, Ph.D. Of the University of Michigan _Illustrated_ PHILADELPHIA GEORGE BARRIE & SONS, Publishers PREFACE Among the Latin races, the French race differs essentially in one characteristic which has been the key to the success of French women--namely, the social instinct. The whole French nation has always lived for the present time, in actuality, deriving from life more of what may be called social pleasure than any other nation. It has been a universal characteristic among French people since the sixteenth century to love to please, to make themselves agreeable, to bring joy and happiness to others, and to be loved and admired as well. With this instinctive trait French women have always been bountifully endowed. Highly emotional, they love to charm, and this has become an art with them; balancing this emotional nature is the mathematical quality. These two combined have made French women the great leaders in their own country and among women of all races. They have developed the art of studying themselves; and the art of coquetry, which has become a virtue, is a science with them. The singular power of discrimination, constructive ability, calculation, subtle intriguing, a clear and concise manner of expression, a power of conversation unequalled in women of any other country, clear thinking: all these qualities have been strikingly illustrated in the various great women of the different periods of the history of France, and according to these they may by right be judged; for their moral qualities have not always been in accordance with the standard of other races.