Watson, Caroline 89 Wentworth, Mrs. Cecilia 160 Wesmael, Mlle. E. 283 White, Miss Florence 124 Wiik, Maria 309, 313 Wolfthorn, Frau Julie 304 Wytsman, Mme. Juliette 284 Youngman, Miss A. M., R.I. 118, 119 Zappi, Lavinia Fontana 39, 40, 41 Zillhardt, Mlle. Jenny 221 [Illustration: VENETIAN SCHOOL. 1675-1757 Portrait of a Lady unknown. After the pastel in the Musée de Chantilly, from a Photograph by Braun, Clément & Co., Paris Rosalba Carriera, Pastellist 1675-1757] Women Painters in Italy since the Fifteenth Century By Walter Shaw Sparrow Older than the authenticated history of Greek art is a tradition that connects a girl's name with the discovery of a great craft, the craft of modelling portraits in relief. Kora, known as the virgin of Corinth, and daughter of a potter named Butades, sat one evening with her betrothed in her father's house; a torch burned, a fire of wood bickered in a brasier, throwing on the wall in shadow a clear silhouette of the young man's profile; and Kora, moved by a sudden impulse, took from the hearth a charred piece of wood and outlined the shadow. When the girl's father, Butades, saw the sketch which she had made, he filled in the outline with his potters' clay, forming the first medallion. It is a pretty, chivalrous tradition, and it recalls to one's memory the fact that the ancient Greeks had really some women artists of note, like Aristarete, daughter and pupil of Nearchus, celebrated for her picture of Aesculapius; or like Anaxandra (about B.C. 228), daughter of the painter Nealces, or like Helena, who painted the battle of Issus, about B.C. 333. Passing from Greece to ancient Rome, we find only one woman painter, Lala by name, and she was a Greek by birth and education. Lala lived and laboured in the first century before the birth of Christ. She went to Rome during the last days of the republic, and won for herself a great reputation by her miniature portraits of ladies.