Women's Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United States — John Shaqi
Women's Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United StatesKidwell, Claudia Brush
History
Women's Bathing and Swimming Costume in the United States
Kidwell, Claudia Brush
Bathing suits -- History
Although attitudes toward sports were more enlightened by the 1880s,
many women continued to wear the old bathing dress with its belted
blouse extending to a long skirt and a pair of trousers. As an alternate
to this garb, the "princess style" was developed with the blouse and
trousers cut in one piece or else sewn permanently to the same belt. A
separate skirt extending below the knee was buttoned at the waist to
conceal the figure. This new style in bathing costume was probably
derived from an innovation in women's underwear. During the late 1870s a
new style of undergarment, the "combination" of chemise and drawers, had
come into use. Petticoats could be fastened to buttons sewn around the
waist of the combination. This streamlining of undergarments helped the
lady of fashion to maintain a desirably svelte figure. Apparently the
advantages of this streamlining were obvious, because it was not long
before women were quietly adapting this style to bathing dresses. By the
1890s the skirt was often omitted for swimming (fig. 12), giving the
more active women more freedom in the water. Following popular dress
styles, the top of the bathing costume was bloused over the belt. The
sailor collar, either large or small, was a great favorite, but a
straight standing collar with rows of white braid was also worn.
The "princess style" was not the only innovation available in bathing
dress. _Harper's Bazar_ reported in 1881 that imported French bathing
suits[43] for ladies were made without sleeves, since any covering on
the arm interfered with the freedom desirable for swimming.
Nevertheless, according to other contemporary fashion descriptions,
American bathing suits retained their long sleeves until the early 1880s
when the foreign fashion of short sleeves came to the United States. In
1885 it was reported that
The sleeves may be the merest 'caps' four or five inches deep
under the arm, curved narrow toward the top, and lapped there or
they may be half-long and straight, reaching to the elbows, or
else they may be the regular coat sleeves covering the arms to
the wrist. With the short sleeves it is customary to add the
sleeves cut from a gauze vest to give the arm some protection
from the sun.[44]
[43] The term "bathing suit" as opposed to "bathing dress" came into
use in the last quarter of the 19th century when the bifurcated
bathing garment with a shorter skirt was widely accepted. The two
terms, however, continued to be used interchangeably, with
"bathing dress" appearing less frequently.
[44] "New York Fashions," _Harper's Bazar_ (July 4, 1885), vol. 18,
no. 27, p. 427.
Sleeves were pushed up in 1890 and puffed high about the shoulders by
means of elastic tape in the hem. By 1893 fashion reports acknowledged
that sleeve length was a matter of individual choice.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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