APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, pale yellow or reddish, sap-wood hardly distinguishable; non-porous; rings, very fine, summer wood, narrow, not conspicuous; grain, straight, close; rays, numerous, conspicuous; resin ducts, small and few. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, very light (57th in this list); 22 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.3449; weak (61st in this list); elasticity medium (55th in this list); soft (56th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps .........; durable; easy to work; splits easily. COMMON USES: Lumber. REMARKS: A valuable lumber tree in the Rocky Mountains and the Cascades. Bark used for tanning. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters]. [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 16 TIDELAND SPRUCE. SITKA SPRUCE. _Picea sitchensis_ (Bongard) Carrière. _Picea_, the classical Latin name for the pitch pine. Tideland refers to its habit of growth along the sea coast; _sitchensis_, named for Sitka. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best on Pacific slope of British Columbia and northwestern United States. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 100'-150' and even 200' high; diameter 3'-4' and even 15'; trunk base enlarged; bark, thick, red-brown, scaly; leaves, standing out in all directions; cones, 2-1/2"-4" long, pendent, cylindrical, oval. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, light brown, sap-wood whitish; non-porous; rings, wide, summer wood, thin but very distinct, spring wood, not plain; grain, straight, coarse; rays, numerous, rather prominent; resin ducts, few and small. PHYSICAL QUALITIES: Weight, light (52d in this list); 27 lbs. per cu. ft.; sp. gr. 0.4287; medium strong (53d in this list); elastic (31st in this list); soft (59th in this list); shrinkage, 3 per cent.; warps ...........; durable; easy to work; splits easily. COMMON USES: Interior finish, boat building and cooperage. REMARKS: Largest of the spruces. Common in the coast belt forest. [Illustration: Radial Section, life size.] [Illustration: Cross-section, magnified 37-1/2 diameters.] [Illustration: Tangential Section, life size.] 17 HEMLOCK. _Tsuga canadensis_ (Linnaeus) Carrière. _Tsuga_, the Japanese name latinized; _canadensis_ named for Canada. [Illustration: Habitat.] HABITAT: (See map); best in North Carolina and Tennessee. [Illustration: Leaf.] CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TREE: Height, 60'-70', sometimes 100'; diameter, 2'-3'; branches, persistent, making trunk not very clean; bark, red-gray, narrow, rounded ridges, deeply and irregularly fissured; leaves, spirally arranged, but appear two-ranked; cones, 3/4" long, graceful. APPEARANCE OF WOOD: Color, reddish brown, sap-wood just distinguishable; non-porous; rings, rather broad, conspicuous; grain, crooked; rays, numerous, thin; non-resinous.